Marginal Revolution https://marginalrevolution.com/ Small Steps Toward A Much Better World Fri, 17 Apr 2026 13:39:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://marginalrevolution.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/cropped-MR-logo-thumbnail-32x32.png Marginal REVOLUTION https://marginalrevolution.com/ 32 32 42693868 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/birthright-citizenship-and-youth-crime.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=birthright-citizenship-and-youth-crime Birthright Citizenship and Youth Crime https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953986631/0/marginalrevolution~Birthright-Citizenship-and-Youth-Crime.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/birthright-citizenship-and-youth-crime.html#comments Sat, 18 Apr 2026 07:12:34 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92835 This paper studies the impact of birthright citizenship on youth crime. We leverage a German reform which automatically granted birthright citizenship to eligible immigrant children born in Germany after January 1, 2000 and administrative crime data from three federal states. We find that immigrant youth who acquired citizenship at birth are substantially less likely to […]

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This paper studies the impact of birthright citizenship on youth crime. We leverage a German reform which automatically granted birthright citizenship to eligible immigrant children born in Germany after January 1, 2000 and administrative crime data from three federal states. We find that immigrant youth who acquired citizenship at birth are substantially less likely to engage in criminal activity, with estimates indicating a 70% reduction in crime. These results are particularly relevant in light of ongoing debates in the U.S. about abolishing birthright citizenship. Our findings suggest that inclusive citizenship policies can reduce crime and its associated costs, which in turn could strengthen social cohesion.

That is from a new NBER working paper by Leander Andres, Stefan Bauernschuster, Gordon B. Dahl, Helmut Rainer & Simone Schüller.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/birthright-citizenship-and-youth-crime.html/feed 10 92835 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/emergent-ventures-india-16th-cohort.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=emergent-ventures-india-16th-cohort Emergent Ventures India, 16th cohort https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953981042/0/marginalrevolution~Emergent-Ventures-India-th-cohort.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/emergent-ventures-india-16th-cohort.html#comments Sat, 18 Apr 2026 04:11:42 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92838 Roumak Das, a grade 11 student from West Bengal, and Samik Goyal, a 12th grader from Patiala, received their grants to travel to the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence 2025 in Beijing, where Roumak won a gold medal and Samik a silver medal. Roumak’s grant also supports his college applications, and Samik’s grant supports SPOI, […]

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]]> Roumak Das, a grade 11 student from West Bengal, and Samik Goyal, a 12th grader from Patiala, received their grants to travel to the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence 2025 in Beijing, where Roumak won a gold medal and Samik a silver medal. Roumak’s grant also supports his college applications, and Samik’s grant supports SPOI, dedicated to teaching informatics to school students.

Ishaan Gangwani, 17, received his grant to develop InkVell, an AI-native LaTeX editor, and to support his travel to the International Olympiad in Artificial Intelligence 2025 in Beijing.

Ronald Abraham received a career development grant for Veeraa, to build a crowdfunding and growth platform for India’s community leaders.

Tristan Wagner received his grant to explore low-cost autoinjectors for treating anaphylaxis and snakebite envenoming in India.

Michael Grasa received his grant to test a transparent, falsifiability-first approach to decoding the Indus Valley script, releasing versioned overlays and open datasets for replication or refutation.

Jasraj Budigam, 16, received his grant to develop CapNav-Lite, an adaptive AI navigation system that personalizes power-wheelchair control to each user within minutes on everyday hardware.

Mannat Kaur, 17, freshman at Stanford University, received her grant to continue developing research on wastewater recycling and its integration into the built environment and low-carbon housing.

Vineela Upadhyayula, Hari Krishna Upadhyayula, and Phani Madhav Upadhyayula received their grant for NeuraEase, to build a wearable-driven AI detection and management of acute dysregulation events in neurodivergence and neurological disorders, including autistic meltdowns.

Arnav Kumar and Gavneesh, cofounders of Vyobha Aerospace, received their grant to build regional eVTOL aircraft with fractional ownership at the cost of a car.

Aditya Raj Chopra, a high school senior, received a general career development grant.

Ansh Mishra, 17, received his grant to build reliable and accessible bionic prosthetic hands.

Vasu Dubey, 22, received his grant to build a machine-learning-based medical device for speech restoration in laryngectomy patients.

Snehadeep Kumar, 21, received his grant for Nebula Space Organisation, to build ultra-low-cost Earth-imaging CubeSats and a global imagery platform that makes space data accessible to everyone.

Uttam Singh and Ayush Das received their grant for Nakshatra Maps, to help people navigate indoor and outdoor public spaces with dynamic hyperlocal interactive maps, AR navigation, and smart emergency evacuation.

Mankaran Singh received his grant to build frictionless human-robot interaction for machines operating in human-centric environments.

Sommaiya Angrish, 21, an alt Hindi-pop musician, received his grant to work on his third album, rooted in his personal healing journey.

Achyut Tiwari, 24, received his grant for GeoLiquefy, an AI system forecasting earthquake-related soil liquefaction from geotechnical data for engineers, insurers, and risk assessors.

Devayan Das, 19, a biotech undergraduate, received his grant to develop dissolvable tissue culture nutrient blocks that simplify lab workflows and turn lab prep into a plug-and-play process.

Ayush Kale, a materials engineer, received his grant for EarthSprint Solutions, to transform agricultural waste into low-carbon, high-performance cement blocks.

Mohd Fahad Eqbal, 24, received his grant for Chakraswap, to scale an affordable battery swap network for e-rickshaw drivers.

Satyamedh Hulyalkar received his grant to develop a LoRa-based self-healing mesh network for agricultural and monitoring use cases.

Shivam Parashar received his grant for GreenScore, to build an industrial effluent monitoring system combining machine learning and IoT to keep Indian rivers clean.

Anand Unni received his grant for Nayaneethi Policy Collective, to develop a public policy curriculum and a community of public policy thinkers and analysts in Kerala, and strengthen the demand side of public policy.

Those unfamiliar with Emergent Ventures can learn more here and here. The EV India announcement is here. More about the winners of EV India second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth cohorts. To apply for EV India, use the EV application, click the “Apply Now” button and select India from the “My Project Will Affect” drop-down menu.

And here is Nabeel’s AI engine for other EV winners. Here are the other EV cohorts.

If you are interested in supporting the India tranche of Emergent Ventures, please write to me or to Shruti at srajagopalan@mercatus.gmu.edu.

TC: This post is from Shruti, and I thank her for her amazing work on this!

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/emergent-ventures-india-16th-cohort.html/feed 9 92838 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/that-was-then-this-is-now-56.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=that-was-then-this-is-now-56 That was then, this is now https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953963075/0/marginalrevolution~That-was-then-this-is-now.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/that-was-then-this-is-now-56.html#comments Fri, 17 Apr 2026 18:26:36 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92847 From 1857: The Persians were great sticklers for ceremony, it turned out, and now that the treaty was ratified, they expected an exchange of gifts to mark the important occasion.  At Spence’s [a leading diplomat of the time] insistence, the United States spent $10,000 (close to $1 million in today’s money) on diamond-studded snuffboxes and […]

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]]> From 1857:

The Persians were great sticklers for ceremony, it turned out, and now that the treaty was ratified, they expected an exchange of gifts to mark the important occasion.  At Spence’s [a leading diplomat of the time] insistence, the United States spent $10,000 (close to $1 million in today’s money) on diamond-studded snuffboxes and weapons for the shah.  The State Department protested bitterly, as it was not in the habit of spending such outrageous sums, but Spence put his foot down, knowing that these gifts paled in comparison with what Persia had received from Napoleon and others.  Spence’s brother Charles was dispatched to Tehran to deliver the gifts in person — a gesture the shah appreciated so much that he decorates the young man with the Order of the Lion and the Sun, the country’s highest honor.

That is from John Ghazvinian America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present, a very good book.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/that-was-then-this-is-now-56.html/feed 26 92847 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/friday-assorted-links-568.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=friday-assorted-links-568 Friday assorted links https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953957378/0/marginalrevolution~Friday-assorted-links.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/friday-assorted-links-568.html#comments Fri, 17 Apr 2026 15:57:21 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92837 1. Conversations about boring topics are more interesting than we think. 2. What will be scarce.  And Andy Hall on using AI to boost economics research. 3. Virginia passes reasonable AI legislation. 4. AI-generated movie trailer.  And the short movie. 5. Eric Rohmer’s life. 6. Objection.ai. 7. A neglected cost of restricting data centers.  And […]

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]]> 1. Conversations about boring topics are more interesting than we think.

2. What will be scarce.  And Andy Hall on using AI to boost economics research.

3. Virginia passes reasonable AI legislation.

4. AI-generated movie trailer.  And the short movie.

5. Eric Rohmer’s life.

6. Objection.ai.

7. A neglected cost of restricting data centers.  And on not waking up a loser.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/friday-assorted-links-568.html/feed 57 92837 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-marcel-duchamp-show-at-moma.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-marcel-duchamp-show-at-moma The Marcel Duchamp show at MOMA https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953943857/0/marginalrevolution~The-Marcel-Duchamp-show-at-MOMA.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-marcel-duchamp-show-at-moma.html#comments Fri, 17 Apr 2026 11:41:07 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92852 I know I cannot “talk most of you into Duchamp,” but I will say this is one of the best museum shows I have seen, ever.  Putting aside your view of Duchamp as an artist, it is remarkably well-curated and instructive.  It shows a large number of works I had not seen before and places […]

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]]> I know I cannot “talk most of you into Duchamp,” but I will say this is one of the best museum shows I have seen, ever.  Putting aside your view of Duchamp as an artist, it is remarkably well-curated and instructive.  It shows a large number of works I had not seen before and places them in proper context.  They are knockouts, and probably you have not seen them.  You might even be too focused on the urinal, and yes that is in the show too, though with proper context.

I also learned a good deal about the history of modern art from the exhibit, and now I appreciate Man Ray, Picabia, and others more as well.  I also now better understand the connection of Duchamp’s work to his early representational paintings, how exactly he evolved toward bicycle wheels, how central the “nude descending a staircase” image was to him, his obsessions with boxes, his artistic connections to chess, his connections to pornography, what he did to end his career, and much more.

So if you are at all tempted, you absolutely should go to this exhibit.  Supplement it with a visit to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, because a few of his most important works cannot be moved from that site.

Here is a very good NYT review.  And here is a more negative review of the show, though perhaps not for the reasons you might be expecting.

Context is that which is scarce!

And here is some context for you.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-marcel-duchamp-show-at-moma.html/feed 39 92852 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/my-excellent-conversation-with-kim-bowes.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=my-excellent-conversation-with-kim-bowes My excellent Conversation with Kim Bowes https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953929127/0/marginalrevolution~My-excellent-Conversation-with-Kim-Bowes.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/my-excellent-conversation-with-kim-bowes.html#comments Fri, 17 Apr 2026 04:53:27 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92848 Here is the audio, video, and transcript.  Here is the episode summary: Kim Bowes is an archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania whose book, Surviving Rome: The Economic Lives of the Ninety Percent, Tyler calls perhaps his favorite economics book of 2025. By sifting through the material remains of Roman life — shoes, bricks, ceramics, and […]

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]]> Here is the audio, video, and transcript.  Here is the episode summary:

Kim Bowes is an archaeologist at the University of Pennsylvania whose book, Surviving Rome: The Economic Lives of the Ninety Percent, Tyler calls perhaps his favorite economics book of 2025. By sifting through the material remains of Roman life — shoes, bricks, ceramics, and the like — she uncovers a picture of ordinary Romans who could evidently afford to buy multiple sets of colorful clothes, use gold coins for daily transactions, and eat peppercorns sourced from thousands of miles away. This vast web of commerce, she argues, both bound the empire together and provided the tax base that kept it running — and when it unraveled, Rome unraveled with it.

Tyler and Kim discuss what would surprise a modern visitor to a Roman elite home, what early Roman Christianity actually looked like on the ground, why Romans never developed formal economic reasoning, what decentralized money-lending reveals about the Roman state, whether there were anything like forward markets, why Romans continued to use coins even as the empire debased them, the economics of Roman slavery, whether Roman recipes taste any good, the Romans as hyper-scalers rather than inventors, what Rome made of China and Egypt, why Kim’s not a fan of the Vesuvius challenge, the practicalities of landscape archaeology, how a vast belt of factories along the Tiber Valley went undiscovered until twenty years ago, where to go on a three-week tour of the Roman Empire, what she thinks is ultimately behind Rome’s unraveling, and much more.

Here is an excerpt with some economics:

COWEN: Say, when the government is clipping the silver coins and lowering their silver content, as we now know in economic theory, this will imply at least some inflationary pressure. Are there Roman writers who understood that and laid it out, or they’re just vague public complaints about government clipping the coins?

BOWES: They’re not so much clipping them as they are minting them with less silver, which amounts to the same thing. It’s just a little bit classier and harder to detect. Absolutely, people know that they’re doing this. What I think is most interesting and what we’re all still wrestling with is, from even before Nero onwards, Roman emperors recognized the advantage to the fisc to basically producing coins with less silver.

Then they start to have silver problems, and they start really pulling the silver out of their coins, and nobody cares. That is to say, people care, and they notice, but the convenience of the Roman coin of the realm, the denarius, which is made with silver, outweighs—that’s a little bit of a pun—the actual silver content of that coin, and so people are willing to just suck it up and deal, and they keep using it.

There is inflation, and inflation, we can now tell, thanks to some great papyri from Egypt, trends upwards very slowly over the first century, the second century, the third century, but it’s not proportional to the amount of silver that’s being pulled out of the coins. People basically still have trust in their coinage, which really shows the degree to which the state has convinced people, simply by supporting ordinary people’s coin use, that the coins work and that they’re going to back their coins, even though they’re slightly pulling the silver out.

COWEN: Why was there so much decentralized money lending? You would think that banks would have economies of scale, offer better terms, just like I wouldn’t borrow money from my friends, I would go to the bank. Why doesn’t the Roman Empire evolve that way?

BOWES: The Roman Empire confuses us, I think, because on the one hand, it looks like a really big state that ought to do things that big states do. The Roman big state is really a mask for an empire of friends and family. You borrow money from friends and family. Banks, such as they exist, are really nothing more than friends and family, so even when you have actual banks, they tend to be largely constituted by a single family.

The difference that you’re making between borrowing from a bank and borrowing from your family is much less clear-cut in a world in which the bank is your family, or the bank is a family that is friends of yours. It’s not that Romans don’t use banks, they do use banks. We can see the most often wealthier Romans using banks. It’s a lot harder to see the 90 percent using banks, and they seem to more often default to the immediate circle of people that they know, which again, it’s not such a huge distinction. In a world in which there’s no FDIC, in which the bank isn’t guaranteed and protected by the state in the way in which our banks are, the distinction between bank and family, bank and friends, is much less clear.

Interesting and engaging throughout, definitely recommended.  You can buy Kim’s excellent book here.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/my-excellent-conversation-with-kim-bowes.html/feed 31 92848 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/in-development-magazine.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=in-development-magazine In Development magazine https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953909441/0/marginalrevolution~In-Development-magazine.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/in-development-magazine.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 18:53:07 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92845 A new venture, focusing on evidence-based approaches to economic development globally.  Here is Paul Niehaus on GiveDirectly and the evidence for cash-based transfers.  Here is the home page and a link to subscribe.

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]]> A new venture, focusing on evidence-based approaches to economic development globally.  Here is Paul Niehaus on GiveDirectly and the evidence for cash-based transfers.  Here is the home page and a link to subscribe.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/in-development-magazine.html/feed 19 92845 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/thursday-assorted-links-548.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=thursday-assorted-links-548 Thursday assorted links https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953902553/0/marginalrevolution~Thursday-assorted-links.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/thursday-assorted-links-548.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 16:01:37 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92844 1. Kasparov analyzes the rise of Sindarov. 2. Podcast on Houellebecq’s Submission.  With transcript. 3. “A majority of Australian children under age 16 still use social media apps despite a ban implemented in December, according to new research. Sixty-one percent of Australian children between the ages of 12 and 15 told researchers from a prominent UK […]

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]]> 1. Kasparov analyzes the rise of Sindarov.

2. Podcast on Houellebecq’s Submission.  With transcript.

3. “A majority of Australian children under age 16 still use social media apps despite a ban implemented in December, according to new research.

Sixty-one percent of Australian children between the ages of 12 and 15 told researchers from a prominent UK foundation and an Australian youth research agency that they can still access accounts on major platforms just as they did before the ban was put in place.”  Link here.

4. “If anything, nationalists are fighting to reassure pro-EU voters. Marine Le Pen has softened her line on Brussels over the years to remain electorally competitive in France. Giorgia Meloni has mostly co-operated with the EU during her three-and-a-half surprising years as a hard-right Italian prime minister. Both will have watched events in Hungary over the weekend and felt themselves vindicated. Of all the varied reasons for Viktor Orbán’s landslide defeat, the public’s desire to mend relations with the EU was prominent. The election winner Péter Magyar, no kind of liberal, and in fact a former Orbán man, favours a “return to Europe”.” (Ganesh in the FT)

5. Ancient DNA reveals pervasive directional selection across West Eurasia.  And a useful thread.

6. Alex Imas on the evolution of employment with AI.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/thursday-assorted-links-548.html/feed 181 92844 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/robert-skidelsky-rip.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=robert-skidelsky-rip Robert Skidelsky, RIP https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953895314/0/marginalrevolution~Robert-Skidelsky-RIP.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/robert-skidelsky-rip.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 14:02:13 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92849 Here is one appreciation.  His three-volume biography of Keynes (better than the one-volume condensation!) is in my opinion one of the very best books ever written, up there with Caro on Moses, etc.

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]]> Here is one appreciation.  His three-volume biography of Keynes (better than the one-volume condensation!) is in my opinion one of the very best books ever written, up there with Caro on Moses, etc.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/robert-skidelsky-rip.html/feed 10 92849 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/revising-modern-principles.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=revising-modern-principles Revising Modern Principles https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953886713/0/marginalrevolution~Revising-Modern-Principles.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/revising-modern-principles.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 11:21:13 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92839 Here’s a revision  I made to Modern Principles, my textbook with Tyler. Some things change dramatically, some things never change.

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]]> Here’s a revision  I made to Modern Principles, my textbook with Tyler. Some things change dramatically, some things never change.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/revising-modern-principles.html/feed 65 92839 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-nobel-memorial-prize-in-economics-1969-2025.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-nobel-memorial-prize-in-economics-1969-2025 The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, 1969-2025 https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953881502/0/marginalrevolution~The-Nobel-Memorial-Prize-in-Economics.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-nobel-memorial-prize-in-economics-1969-2025.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 09:29:52 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92843 The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics has been awarded annually since 1969. Who wins the prize is a topic of much interest and tracks the whole course of the academic discipline over the last 57 years. Explaining who wins the prize in any given year is a complex process, which involves the subtle endogeneity of […]

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]]>

The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics has been awarded annually since 1969. Who wins the prize is a topic of much interest and tracks the whole course of the academic discipline over the last 57 years. Explaining who wins the prize in any given year is a complex process, which involves the subtle endogeneity of the choice of the field and the individual(s) who should be honoured. Citations, track records, networks of past winners, institutional factors along with field rotation and Economic Prize Committee composition may all play a role. A dynamic sample involving a changing stock of would-be candidates along with a moving flow—both into and out of the sample—add complexities to the modelling. We find robust evidence that the Nobel Prize rotates in a semi-regular way between the fields of economics. Earlier awards were for a single paper, later ones for a body of work. Networks do not matter, but having a Nobel student or co-author does. There is some evidence that the personal preferences of Committee members had an effect on either field or individual winner. The Committee’s decisions changed after Lindbeck retired.

That is from a new paper by Peter J. Dolton and Richard S.J. Tol.  Via Niclas Berggren.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-nobel-memorial-prize-in-economics-1969-2025.html/feed 14 92843 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-raphael-show-at-the-nyc-met.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-raphael-show-at-the-nyc-met The Raphael show at the NYC Met https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953871431/0/marginalrevolution~The-Raphael-show-at-the-NYC-Met.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-raphael-show-at-the-nyc-met.html#comments Thu, 16 Apr 2026 04:58:58 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92833 This is self-recommending if there ever was such a thing.  What I found so striking is how many mini-exhibits were embedded in the broader show.  Those include: 1. The early large pieces from Colonna and Castello — how many of you are going to get there to see them in situ? 2. A mini-exhibit of […]

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]]> This is self-recommending if there ever was such a thing.  What I found so striking is how many mini-exhibits were embedded in the broader show.  Those include:

1. The early large pieces from Colonna and Castello — how many of you are going to get there to see them in situ?

2. A mini-exhibit of works from Perugino, Raphael’s teacher and mentor, and a wonderful painter in his own right.

3. A small set of knockout Leonardo drawings.

4. Two Roman sculptures that showed some background influences behind Raphael’s work.

5. Three full-size “derivations” based upon the Vatican tapestries, from 16th century Flemish studios.

6. Plenty of light-sensitive drawings, which are not displayed much or are held in very scattered locales.

It is rare to have so much original content in a single exhibit, and of such high quality, and unrelated to previous exhibits one might have seen.  This was an event.

The Alba Madonna, in DC’s National Gallery, still strikes me as Raphael’s best creation.

My main beef: the opening panel of explanation for the show was just plain, flat out stupid, and started by referring to Raphael as “One of the most important influencers of all time…”, followed by nothing of any substance.

This exhibit needs no endorsement from me, but ultimately it did not elevate Raphael into the tier of my very very favorite painters.  He is at the top for beauty and charm, but very few of his paintings confound me in say the way that a top Leonardo or Velazquez might.  Perhaps the Castiglione portrait from the Louvre would qualify there, but the others not.  His was nonetheless a remarkable achievement, and this is very likely the best view of it you will get in this lifetime.

It was crowded, but on a Monday not intolerable and I had good views of the art works most of the time.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/the-raphael-show-at-the-nyc-met.html/feed 9 92833 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wake-up-people-assorted-links.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=wake-up-people-assorted-links Wake up people assorted links https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953856437/0/marginalrevolution~Wake-up-people-assorted-links.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wake-up-people-assorted-links.html#comments Wed, 15 Apr 2026 21:51:51 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92842 1. Progress in speaking to whales. 2. More math progress from GPT. 3. “Anthropic’s automated alignment researchers already outperform humans…“

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]]> 1. Progress in speaking to whales.

2. More math progress from GPT.

3. “Anthropic’s automated alignment researchers already outperform humans…“

The post Wake up people assorted links appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.

]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wake-up-people-assorted-links.html/feed 48 92842 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wednesday-assorted-links-549.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=wednesday-assorted-links-549 Wednesday assorted links https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953842613/0/marginalrevolution~Wednesday-assorted-links.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wednesday-assorted-links-549.html#comments Wed, 15 Apr 2026 15:57:02 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92836 1. An observation on left-wing universities. 2. Arnold Kling on marginalism. 3. “You should be holding more babies.” 4. Hayekian welfare states. 5. Why Hungary will prove hard to change (FT). 6. Miami-Dade is losing residents? 7. Brazilian real on the rise. 8. Peter Thiel and Emmanuel Todd discussion.  Imperfect sound however.

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]]> 1. An observation on left-wing universities.

2. Arnold Kling on marginalism.

3. “You should be holding more babies.”

4. Hayekian welfare states.

5. Why Hungary will prove hard to change (FT).

6. Miami-Dade is losing residents?

7. Brazilian real on the rise.

8. Peter Thiel and Emmanuel Todd discussion.  Imperfect sound however.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/wednesday-assorted-links-549.html/feed 131 92836 https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/rescind-davis-bacon.html?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rescind-davis-bacon Rescind Davis Bacon https://feeds.feedblitz.com/~/953826404/0/marginalrevolution~Rescind-Davis-Bacon.html https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/rescind-davis-bacon.html#comments Wed, 15 Apr 2026 11:19:55 +0000 https://marginalrevolution.com/?p=92831 The Davis-Bacon Act requires that workers on federally funded construction projects be paid at least the “prevailing wage” for their trade in the local area. Mike Schmidt, Director of the CHIPS Program Office, has an excellent piece on how Davis-Bacon impacted the CHIPS program. My initial understanding was that it simply required paying construction workers […]

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]]> The Davis-Bacon Act requires that workers on federally funded construction projects be paid at least the “prevailing wage” for their trade in the local area.

Mike Schmidt, Director of the CHIPS Program Office, has an excellent piece on how Davis-Bacon impacted the CHIPS program. My initial understanding was that it simply required paying construction workers more—an unnecessary transfer from taxpayers to a politically favored group, but not one that would impede efficiency. I was wrong.

Start with the complexity. Davis-Bacon’s prevailing wage isn’t a simple minimum wage: plumbers are not electricians are not fitters, and the required rate varies by locale. The Department of Labor maintains a list of more than 130,000 (!) wage rates to implement it.

That’s complicated enough. But it gets worse. Some firms building fabs used their own employees rather than contractors—and Davis-Bacon applies regardless but it covers only the portion of time an employee spends on “construction” work:

[A]pplying Davis-Bacon to company employees rather than contractors proved to be a big hurdle. Davis-Bacon required tracking every hour each employee spent on covered construction activities — by trade classification, with a different prevailing wage applying to each — and paying a wage differential for that portion of their work as distinct from fab operations work or non-Davis-Bacon construction work. The company also relied heavily on profit-sharing (where a portion of employees’ pay was tied to the firm’s profits) and Davis-Bacon’s guaranteed wage floor was difficult to reconcile with a pay structure that was inherently variable. Moreover, Davis-Bacon has a statutory requirement to pay wages weekly, meaning the company would need to change its payroll systems for a portion of the pay for a portion of its workforce.

Thus, DB required that two salaried employee with equal salaries and profit-sharing plans be paid differentially depending on whether one of them did “construction” work. This created internal strife.

Davis-Bacon was passed in 1931, when a carpenter was a carpenter. How does it apply to building a semiconductor factory?

The construction tasks involved in building and modernizing semiconductor fabs don’t always map cleanly onto DOL’s Davis-Bacon classifications, so applicants must go through a construction plan line-by-line to determine which rate applies to which activity. In traditional Davis-Bacon contexts this is less burdensome because contractors know the system and have processes in place. But semiconductor construction was a novel application, and all of our applicants — and most of their contractors — were navigating Davis-Bacon for the first time.

For large recipients, the administrative cost of this work was real but manageable relative to project scale: they could hire consultants, procure software systems, and build internal compliance capacity….

Perhaps the biggest fiasco involved timing. The government wanted firms to move quickly and encouraged them to break ground before the Act’s rules were finalized. But when Davis-Bacon was added to the Act it required that the firms pay the prevailing wage *retroactively*:

The financial and operational implications of retroactive application were significant. A leading-edge project might have 10,000–12,000 construction workers on site at peak, with a rotating workforce totaling perhaps 30,000 individuals over the project’s life. Working through 300-plus subcontractors across multiple tiers, retroactive application could require identifying wages paid to 20,000 workers who had already cycled off the project, determining what each worker should have been paid under Davis-Bacon, and paying the difference — resulting in hundreds of millions of dollars in additional cost.

The retroactive pay exposes the law’s true nature. Firms and workers had already struck voluntary agreements; the work was done, the wages paid. No one can pretend this has anything to do with incentives. Workers received a pure windfall (“DB Christmas!”) for one reason only: “construction workers” are a politically favored class. Janitors and scientists got nothing extra.

Moreover, a large fraction of the cost wasn’t the higher wages at all—it was compliance. Firms likely spent as much reworking payroll systems and hunting down thousands of former workers in this Byzantine classification system as they spent on the wage premiums themselves. Every dollar transferred to workers may have cost firms—and ultimately taxpayers—two dollars or more. A very leaky bucket indeed.

If the Trump administration is serious about cutting regulatory costs and reviving industrial competitiveness, Davis-Bacon is an obvious target. It delivers little to workers, plenty to lawyers and consultants, and a bill to taxpayers for both. Rescind it.

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]]> https://marginalrevolution.com/marginalrevolution/2026/04/rescind-davis-bacon.html/feed 74 92831