Wendie Cohick, Vice Provost and Vice Chancellor for Research, Rutgers-New Brunswick.

Wendie Cohick, Vice Provost and Vice Chancellor for Research, Rutgers-New Brunswick and faculty in the Department of Animal Sciences, is one of eight Rutgers faculty named to the 2026 class of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  fellows. Cohick and her Rutgers colleagues were among the 500 scientists, engineers and innovators spanning 24 scientific disciplines ranging from research, teaching and technology to administration in academia, industry and government, to excellence in communicating and interpreting science to the public. Individuals are elected annually in a tradition dating back to 1874.

Wendie Cohick’s scientific life began in an agricultural research lab at Cornell University, where, as an undergraduate studying animal science, she learned to sit with questions that did not yet have answers. 

Working with dairy cows, she sensed that beneath visible physiology lay an unseen network of signals. 

“How does the body know to divert nutrients to the fetus or to the mammary gland to make milk?” she recalled wondering. “What are the long-term signals that control how the body allocates energy?” 

The search led her into endocrinology and into the emerging field of insulin-like growth factors, or IGFs. The literature was sparse, the players unknown. The field resembled a half-finished puzzle, with only a few edge pieces turned face up and most of the picture obscured. In 1996, Cohick arrived at Rutgers University’s School of Environmental and Biological Sciences as an assistant professor. Studying the cells in the mammary gland that make milk, she began determining how the pieces connected. IGF-1 proved central to normal growth and survival, but a complex system of binding proteins was needed to keep its activity in check. 

Her lab uncovered surprises. One binding protein long thought to dampen IGF-1 instead amplified its effects, strengthening the hormone’s drive toward cell growth. The finding reinforced a principle that guided her work. 

“If you don’t understand the mechanism, you can’t know whether targeting it will ultimately help patients or make things worse,” she said. 

Over time, the biological pathways she traced in cows revealed patterns that held in humans, including the intersection, or “crosstalk,” of hormone systems such as IGF and estrogen. Since alcohol consumption, a risk factor for breast cancer, increases estrogen, Cohick wondered if IGF-1 could also be involved. This shaped her studies of breast cancer and what she calls “the developmental window,” when early exposures like alcohol may influence lifelong risk. 

As her leadership expanded at Rutgers, her instinct remained constant: Understand how the pieces lock together. Whether guiding a laboratory or a universitywide research agenda, she urges scientists to look beneath the surface, to understand not just what happens, but why. Today she envisions more precise, molecularly-guided cancer treatments. 

“What happens inside cells may be invisible to us, but it holds the key to giving patients better futures,” she said. 

AAAS, the world’s largest multidisciplinary scientific society and a leading publisher of cutting-edge research through its Science family of journals, announced the newest members of the class of fellows on March 26. It is among the most distinctive honors within the scientific community. 

Wendie Cohick’s profile was written by Kitta Macpherson. For complete coverage of the 8  Rutgers faculty named to the 2026 class of AAAS fellows, read more in Rutgers Today.

Inspired by the maneuverability of birds and insects, researchers are designing bird like robots that promise greater flexibility and control than current drones can achieve.

A bird banking in a crosswind doesn’t rely on spinning blades. Its wings flex, twist and respond instantly to its environment.

Engineers at Rutgers University have taken a major step toward building bird-like drones that move the same way, flapping their wings like real birds, using electricity-driven materials instead of conventional electromagnetic motors to power them.

Professor Onur Bilgen (at center) works with Rutgers engineering students on prototypes of a bird‑like robot powered by voltage‑driven smart materials. (From left) Graduate students Ayhan Ozel, Dario Gosevski, Bezawit Gebre and Batuhan Yildirim display models headed for wind‑tunnel tests.
Courtesy of the Bilgen Lab

In a study published in Aerospace Science and Technology, aerospace researchers Xin Shan and Onur Bilgen describe a “solid state” bird-like drone, typically referred to as an ornithopter, whose flexible wings flap and twist without motors, gears or mechanical linkages. Instead, the system relies on the piezoelectric effect, special materials that change shape when voltage is applied.

“We apply electricity to the piezoelectric materials, and they move the surface directly, without extra joints, extra linkages or motors,” said Bilgen, an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering in the Rutgers School of Engineering. “The wing is a composite including a piezoelectric material layer and a carbon-fiber layer. Apply voltage to the piezoelectric layer, and the whole composite flexes.”

With their bird-like design, ornithopters offer a level of flexibility that makes such drones well suited for future tasks such as search and rescue, environmental monitoring, inspection of hard-to-reach places, and urban package delivery, where aircraft must navigate around buildings, wires, people, and so much more.

The research team also developed a powerful computer model that connects all the important physics involved in flight at once: wing and body motion, aerodynamics, electrical dynamics, and the control architecture. That allows engineers to test and optimize designs virtually before building physical prototypes, saving time and money while speeding development.

“We’ve scientifically demonstrated that this type of ornithopter can be possible when we make certain material assumptions,” he said. “We can show the feasibility of designs that are not yet physically possible.”

For now, the primary obstacle is the performance of the piezoelectric material.

In this computer-generated flight sequence, the ornithopter’s wings beat without any gears or motors—powered instead by thin piezoelectric actuators that flex the entire structure.
Courtesy of the Bilgen Lab

“Today’s piezoelectric materials are not capable enough,” Bilgen said. “However, our mathematical model allows us to look into the future with reasonable assumptions.”

Bilgen first encountered ornithopters in 2007 while he was a graduate student, but he said his interest deepened in 2013, when he began seriously exploring how flapping-wing flight might be reimagined using smart materials. Various companies have built experimental bird-like drones, but most existing designs rely on motors, gears and conventional actuators to drive wing motion.

Those systems, Bilgen said, struggle to match the performance of natural wings, which flex and respond continuously to changing air.

Bilgen says nature offers powerful lessons for engineers.

“Things that need to move fast must be lightweight,” he said. “That’s why bird wings are delicate structures, and aircraft wings mimic bird wings.”

While birds and insects provide inspiration for the work, Bilgen’s goal isn’t simple imitation.

“We don’t want to just mimic nature,” he said. “We want to exceed what nature does.” 

So far, most prototypes of robotic birds rely on mechanisms that imitate bones and muscles. Bilgen’s team is taking a simpler path.

“We want to achieve flapping flight without bone-like structures or muscle-like actuators, flapping in a much simpler way,” he said.

Advanced simulation tools developed at Rutgers help engineers optimize bird like drones in software first, accelerating innovation while reducing the need for repeated prototypes. Courtesy of the Bilgen Lab

Instead of motors acting as muscles, thin strips called Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs) are glued directly on their models onto flexible wings. When electricity flows through them, the wings flap, twist and morph.

“The carbon fiber acts like feathers and bone, and the surface-mounted MFCs act like muscles and nerves,” Bilgen explained.

Because the system has no gears or joints, the researchers call it a mechanism-free, or solid state, ornithopter.

Flapping wings offer advantages that spinning propellers found on conventional drones cannot, especially at small scales. “When flapping wings come in contact with the environment, they’re less destructive to themselves and to what they contact,” Bilgen said.

The use of piezoelectric materials or other smart materials could also improve renewable energy systems.

“A turbine blade is basically a rotating wing,” Bilgen said. “We’ve been looking at applying piezoelectric materials to turbine blades to see if there are aerodynamic benefits.”

By subtly changing blade shape in real time, engineers may be able to influence how air flows across the blade surface. That could lead to more efficient wind turbines, he said.

The article first appeared in Rutgers Today.

Researchers are examining the relationship between childhood obesity and future success. Sergio Arjona, Shutterstock

Childhood obesity may be quietly undermining one of the central promises of American life.

 A study by a Rutgers researcher has found that children who are obese are far less likely to climb the economic ladder as adults, raising concerns that a rising health problem also could deny many young Americans the chance to achieve the American dream.

“Childhood obesity isn’t just a health crisis,” said Yanhong Jin, a professor with the Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and a coauthor of the study. “It is an economic mobility crisis.”

The research, published in the Journal of Population Economics, examined how childhood obesity affects intergenerational mobility, which measures whether children grow up to earn more than their parents.

The study draws on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, often called Add Health, a nationwide project that has followed thousands of Americans from adolescence into adulthood for more than two decades. The study is composed of a nationally representative sample of more than 20,000 adolescents who were in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year, and have been followed for six waves of data collection to date, with the  most recent wave from 2022 to 2025. The dataset includes information about participants’ health, education, income and genetic markers linked to body weight.

Professor Yanhong Jin, an agricultural and health economist, is exploring whether children today have the same opportunities their parents had at the same age.

Jin conducted the study with economists Maoyong Fan of Ball State University and Man Zhang of Renmin University in China.

Using the Add Health data allowed researchers to explore the question in a new way. The study includes genetic information that helped the team separate the effect of obesity itself from other factors such as family income or neighborhood conditions.

The results were striking. Adults who were obese as children ended up much lower on the national income ladder than those who had a normal weight as children. A child is considered obese if his or her Body Mass Index is at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex, based on standardized growth charts.

“If children are obese compared with normal weight children, assuming everything else is the same, their income ranking is about 20 percentile points lower relative to their parents,” Jin said.

The researchers then examined why that economic gap appears to emerge over time.

“The evidence points to lower educational attainment, persistent health problems and disadvantages within the labor market,” said Fan, a coauthor of the study. “These include higher reported job discrimination and adverse occupational sorting.”

For Jin, an agricultural and health economist, the topic carries personal meaning. As a first-generation immigrant from China, she said she has long been interested in the idea that each generation should have a chance to do better than the one before.

Her interest in intergenerational mobility deepened as she began thinking about the American dream and whether children today still have the same chances their parents had.

“We wanted to explore the link between childhood conditions and intergenerational mobility to see what we can do,” she said.

The researchers also found that people who were obese as children were less likely to live in neighborhoods with strong economic opportunities later in life. They were less likely to live in areas with higher average incomes and less likely to live in communities with low poverty rates.

Most previous research on economic mobility has focused on neighborhood conditions and family background. Jin said her team wanted to explore another factor that had received less attention.

Studies that focused on the long-term impacts of obesity were more likely to examine its relationship with social stigma and educational attainment.

“But few have considered its relationship to intergenerational mobility,” Jin said.

The effects weren’t the same for everyone. The study found that the economic penalty linked to childhood obesity was larger for girls than for boys. It also was stronger among children from low-income families and among those who grew up in the South and Midwest.

Jin said the findings highlight the importance of preventing obesity early in life. Many policies focus on treating obesity after it develops, but the research suggests that prevention in childhood before it develops could have long-term benefits for both health and economic opportunity.

“If you are obese in childhood, for whatever the reason, you have a penalty in your adult economic status,” Jin said.

For policymakers, the study offers a broader way to think about the issue, the researchers said. Childhood obesity has often been viewed mainly as a medical concern. The research suggests that, if left unaddressed, childhood obesity may also shape economic opportunity and social mobility for decades to come.

“Interventions that reduce childhood obesity can deliver benefits well beyond lowering medical spending,” said coauthor Zhang. “They can support higher educational attainment, improve job prospects and increase upward economic mobility for the next generation.”

This article first appeared in Rutgers Today.

L-R: Frances Wood (UKRI), and collaborators Bruce Greive (U Manchester), Siobain Duffy (Rutgers), Linda Hanley-Bowdoin (North Carolina State U), Hujun Yin (U Manchester), Jose Trino Ascencio-Ibáñez (NCSU), Vasthi Alonso-Chavez (Rothamsted Research) pictured at the Pioneering UK–US Breakthroughs (PUB) Award event on March 4, 2026. Photo credit: Thomas Pospiech – UKRI North America Thomas.Pospiech@ukri.org

At a reception hosted at the British Embassy in Washington, D.C. on March 4, Professor Siobain Duffy and her international research team were recognized with the Pioneering UK–US Breakthroughs (PUB) Award, a distinction honoring seven collaborative teams whose work is addressing some of the world’s most urgent challenges.

Presented by His Majesty’s Ambassador to the United States, Sir Christian Turner, and UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) International Director Frances Wood, the award highlights the global impact of cross-border scientific partnerships. Duffy, professor and chair of the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, was part of one of the seven selected teams, recognized for pioneering a transformative technology to detect crop vi

Duffy serves as principal investigator on the NSF-BBSRC-funded project, “US-UK Collab: Resurrecting a role for roguing: Presymptomatic detection with multispectral imaging to quantify and control the transmission of cassava brown streak disease.” The research introduces a novel multispectral imaging device capable of detecting viral infections in crops earlier, faster, and more cost-effectively than traditional genetic testing.

Genetic analysis of cassava brown streak disease root necrosis using image analysis and genome-wide association studies. Copyright © 2024 Nandudu, Strock, Ogbonna, Kawuki and Jannink.

“This award reflects the strength of international collaboration in tackling complex global problems,” said Duffy. “By bringing together expertise across disciplines and continents, we are developing tools that can make a real difference for farmers and food systems worldwide.”

At the center of the team’s work is cassava brown streak disease, a devastating viral infection threatening cassava crops across sub-Saharan Africa. Cassava, a staple food for hundreds of millions of people, is also gaining traction globally as a climate-resilient alternative to wheat because it requires less water and can survive in harsher conditions.

The challenge, Duffy explains, is that the disease often goes undetected until it is too late. “The symptoms of the disease are often so subtle on the above-ground parts of the plant that farmers do not know their fields are infected,” she said. “The disease spreads throughout the growing season, and when the roots are harvested, they are full of necrotic lesions.”

To address this, the team has developed a cutting-edge multispectral imaging system that scans cassava leaves using wavelengths beyond the visible spectrum. Combined with machine learning models, the device can identify infected plants before visible symptoms appear—and even earlier than conventional molecular diagnostics.

“Our team has developed a multi-spectral imager that scans cassava leaves with many wavelengths of light,” Duffy explained. “Extensive training has yielded machine learning models that can detect diseased plants earlier than molecular tests, and much earlier than slight symptoms develop.” Early detection enables farmers to remove infected plants before the disease spreads. “If we had a better way to detect which plants were infected earlier in the season, then farmers could ‘rogue’ the diseased plants and prevent further spread of the disease,” she added.

A new device for field-testing crops for Cassava Mosaic and Brown Streak disease. Photo courtesy of UKRI.

The project brings together a highly interdisciplinary team spanning institutions in the United States, the United Kingdom, and East Africa, including molecular virologists, evolutionary biologists, engineers and AI specialists, mathematical modelers, and field-based researchers working directly with farming communities. Field testing of the imaging device is currently underway in Tanzania, where the team is evaluating its effectiveness in real-world conditions.

Looking ahead, Duffy notes that if the technology proves successful, the team plans to partner with Tanzania’s clean seed system to ensure that certified cassava planting material is free of the disease.

The broader implications of the research are significant. By enabling earlier detection and containment of plant viruses, the technology has the potential to reduce crop loss, boost yields, and decrease reliance on expensive laboratory diagnostics. In doing so, it supports local livelihoods, strengthens rural economies, and contributes to more resilient global food systems.

“This technology can help safeguard food security,” said Duffy, underscoring its importance for regions where cassava is a dietary and economic cornerstone.

Funded jointly by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through the Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease Program, the project exemplifies how international collaboration can drive innovation with meaningful, far-reaching impact.

Post-doc Deepangsu Chatterjee is with the Xiaomeng Jin Lab in the Department of Environmental Sciences.

The School of Environmental and Biological Sciences (SEBS) is among three schools at Rutgers University-New Brunswick to benefit from a $1.5 million grant from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to support 37 postdoctoral researchers.

The funding strengthens research in SEBS, the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Engineering, advancing discovery in areas such as astrophysics, quantum and condensed matter physics, materials science, molecular and cellular biology, and microbiology.

The Postdoctoral Fellowship Commitment supports scholars across 12 scientific fields at Rutgers-New Brunswick. The grant award is administered by the Rutgers–New Brunswick Office for Research and led by Dr. Sheila Borges Rajguru, executive director for Research Development & Strategy, who serves as principal investigator and collaborates with the respective school research deans.

Post-doc Da Guo is with the Chi Chen Lab in the Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources.

“Investing in our early-career research workforce is critical, particularly for postdoctoral researchers who are building independent careers while advancing scientific discovery,” said Josh Kohut, dean of research at SEBS and director of research for the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station.

At SEBS, the grant will support researchers who are investigating volcanic carbon emissions, tracing the chemical history of Earth’s mantle and studying how ecosystems respond to environmental stress, and include:

• Deepangsu Chatterjee of the Xiaomeng Jin Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences
• Da Guo of the Chi Chen Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources
• Dr. Liang’s Lab, Department of Food Science
• Dr. Maddamsetti’s Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology
• Dr. Roy’s Lab, Department of Environmental Sciences
• Dr. Shmarakov’s Lab, Department of Animal Sciences

This award provides a valuable opportunity to complement and strengthen support for postdoctoral researchers who have invested many years in rigorous training. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation’s investment supplements faculty-supported postdocs while also creating opportunities for strategic new hires.

Rutgers-New Brunswick is one of 30 research universities in the United States selected to receive support through the foundation, which is investing $55 million nationally in natural science research. Read an in-depth article about the grant award at Rutgers Today.

New research has shown a way to easily differentiate healthy guts from unhealthy guts headed toward disease.

Scientists have identified a new way to distinguish healthy guts from diseased ones and track how some illnesses progress by measuring how gut bacteria interact with one another.

According to a study published in Science, a Rutgers-led team of scientists found that healthy and diseased digestive systems behave like two distinct ecological states, driven not by individual microbes but by how entire bacterial communities compete and cooperate.

“Instead of asking which bacteria are there, we started asking how they are related to other bacteria,” said Juan Bonachela, an assistant professor with the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and a senior author of the study. “That change in perspective allowed us to see health and disease as two fundamentally different states of the gut microbiome.”

To measure how bacterial communities shift between health and disease, the team developed a new metric called the Ecological Network Balance Index, or ENBI, which captures whether microbial communities are dominated by competitive or cooperative interactions.

Applied to stool samples, ENBI consistently separated healthy individuals from patients across multiple diseases. In colorectal cancer, the index rose as the disease progressed.

“This new measure captures this shift using stool samples and can distinguish healthy people from diseased people,” said Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello, the Henry Rutgers Professor of Microbiome and Health in the Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology at the School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and an author of the study. 

Rod-shaped bacteria and spherical cocci, shown here in contrasting colors, represent different microbes that share the gut’s complex ecosystem. Scientists have found that shifts in how these microbes compete and cooperate can signal the difference between health and disease. Graphic: Xuesong Zhang/Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine

Dominguez-Bello said the findings show how disease emerges when microbial communities reorganize themselves.

“This work shows that gut health is not just about which bacteria are present, but how they interact with one another,” she said. “In diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, C. difficile infection, irritable bowel syndrome and colorectal cancer, bacteria form more cooperative, tightly connected groups that can dominate and disrupt normal function.”

Martin Blaser, an author of the study and director of Rutgers Health’s Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, said the findings help explain why so many gut-related diseases have been difficult to predict and treat.

“This gives us a new way to think about what goes wrong in the microbiome,” Blaser said. “Instead of focusing on individual microbes, it shows that disease emerges when the entire system shifts. That opens the door to earlier detection and more targeted interventions.”

The team started their research by building computer models that simulate how gut bacteria compete for nutrients and exchange metabolic byproducts.

“At first we were just testing whether the model could reproduce basic features of real microbiomes,” said Roberto Corral Lopez, the study’s lead author, who conducted the research as a Fulbright doctoral scholar at Rutgers and now is a postdoctoral associate at the Universidad de Granada and the Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional in Spain. “But very early on, we saw that it naturally produced two distinct patterns, one that looked like health and one that looked like disease.”

That prompted the researchers to compare their simulations with stool DNA data from patients.

“When we checked the data, we saw the same pattern,” Corral Lopez said. “That’s when we realized we were capturing something fundamental about how these communities reorganize in disease.”

The gut microbiome consistently settled into one of two configurations: a diverse, competitive state associated with health, and a second state dominated by small, tightly connected groups of cooperating bacteria linked to disease.

Bonachela said the insights and the tool could eventually help doctors identify problems earlier.

“In theory, it should be possible to measure it from just stool samples, which is a very non-invasive way to monitor gut health,” he said.

The findings also may help explain why gut therapies such as probiotics and fecal microbiota transplants sometimes succeed and sometimes fail.

“Treatments are typically based on the idea that you need particular bacteria to be there,” Bonachela said. “But if that is not the issue, if the issue is the relationships, then it does not matter that you give the bacteria.”

With fecal transplants, he said, the benefit may come not from introducing individual species, but from restoring entire microbial communities.

“The interesting aspect is not that you introduce the species,” Bonachela said. “It is that you introduce a whole community, and therefore you are keeping the interactions that allow that community to be healthy. It is not that bacteria need to be there. They need to be there with the right partners.”

Corral Lopez said the work eventually could make microbiome-based therapies more predictable.

“Right now, donor selection is largely based on availability and basic health screening,” said Corral Lopez, referring to the process preceding fecal transplants. “What this opens up is the possibility of matching microbial communities based on how their interaction networks fit together, rather than just which species are present. That could help us design treatments that are tailored to each patient’s microbiome instead of relying on trial and error.”

Bonachela said the team hopes their work will eventually lead to earlier detection and more personalized care.

“We are trying to understand how these systems work so we can make a real difference in people’s lives,” he said.

Michael Manhart of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School contributed to the study. Other contributors include Simon Levin of Princeton University and Miguel Munoz of the Universidad de Granada.

This article originally appeared in Rutgers Today.

Sampling rosette with gray sampling bottles at left, the ship’s rail at lower right, and the face of the ice shelf in the background. Photo: Rob Sherrell

For scientists who study the Southern Ocean, a long-standing silver lining in the gloomy forecast of climate change has been the theory of iron fertilization. As temperatures rise and glaciers in Antarctica melt, ice-trapped iron would feed blooms of microscopic algae, pulling heat-trapping carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as they grow.

There’s just one problem: The theory doesn’t hold water.

In what researchers describe as the most accurate measurement of iron inputs from a glacier in Antarctica, marine scientists from Rutgers University-New Brunswick have discovered that meltwater from an Antarctic ice shelf supplies far less iron to surrounding waters than once thought.

The findings, published in the journal Communications Earth and Environment, raise questions about the sources of iron in the Southern Ocean near Antarctica, and could significantly alter how climate change predictions are forecasted and modeled, the researchers said.

“It has been widely assumed that glacial melting underneath ice shelves contributes considerable bioavailable iron to these shelf waters, in a process of natural glacier-driven iron fertilization,” said Rob Sherrell, a professor in the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences at the Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences and the study’s principal investigator. 

Sherrell said the study modifies those assumptions by determining that the amount of iron in meltwater is several times lower than previously thought and that most of that iron comes from a different type of meltwater than is produced by ice shelves melting.

Despite being shrouded in darkness for several months a year, the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean are a highly productive region for growth of phytoplankton – the vital food source for krill, which feeds penguins, seals and whales. As phytoplankton grow, they absorb vast amounts of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, making the region the world’s largest oceanic sink for the climate-warming gas. 

Previous research into iron sources in the Southern Ocean has primarily been through simulations and computer modeling. Together with researchers from Rutgers and several universities in the United States and the United Kingdom, Sherrell, who also is a professor at the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the Rutgers School of Arts and Sciences, took a different approach. In 2022, they traveled aboard a now-decommissioned U.S. icebreaker, the Nathaniel B. Palmer, to the Dotson Ice Shelf, located in the Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica, to collect melting glacial water at the source.  The Amundsen Sea accounts for most of the sea level rise driven by Antarctic melting. 

In the Amundsen Sea, glacial meltwater comes from beneath floating ice shelves – the seaward extensions of glaciers from the continent – and the melting is caused primarily by warm water that flows from the deep ocean into the cavities under the ice.

At the Dotson Ice Shelf, Sherrell and his team identified where seawater enters one such cavity and where it exits after meltwater is added. They collected water samples from entry and exit points.

Back in New Jersey, Sherrell’s colleague Venkatesh Chinni, a postdoctoral scholar and lead author of the study, analyzed the samples for iron content in both its dissolved state and in suspended particles.  Collaborators Jessica Fitzsimmons, a professor and chemical oceanographer, and Janelle Steffen, an assistant research scientist, both at Texas A&M University, measured the isotopic ratios to “fingerprint” and distinguish the sources. Steffen carried out initial isotopic measurements in the laboratory of Tim Conway, an associate professor at the University of South Florida.

Chinni and the team then calculated how much more iron was coming out of the cavity than went in and deduced from the isotopic data the type of melting that was responsible.

The results were surprising, Sherrell said. Total meltwater contributed about 10% of the outflowing dissolved iron, with the majority contributed by inflowing deep water (62%) and another 28% as inputs from shelf sediments.

“Roughly 90% of the dissolved iron coming out of the ice shelf cavity comes from deep waters and sediments outside the cavity, not from meltwater,” Chinni said.

Additionally, iron isotope ratios from the samples suggest that somewhere beneath the glacier is a liquid meltwater layer that lacks dissolved oxygen, a condition that promotes the dissolution of solid iron oxides in the bedrock, seemingly a larger source of iron than ice shelf melting, Chinni said.

Taken together, the findings challenge prevailing assumptions about iron sources in the Southern Ocean in a warming world, though additional research is needed to better understand how the subglacial processes are involved, the team said.

“Our claim in this paper is that the meltwater itself carries very little iron, and that most of the iron that it does carry comes from the grinding up and dissolving of bedrock into the liquid layer between the bedrock and the ice sheet, not from the ice that is driving sea level rise,” Sherrell said. 

For some colleagues, this will be a very surprising realization, he added.

This article first appeared in Rutgers Today.

A talented group of Cook College and SEBS alumni, staff, volunteers, and students collaborated on a beautiful, award-winning display at this year’s North Jersey Orchid Society show at the Douglass Student Center. Photo by Daniel Jacobs

The North Jersey Orchid Society show returned to the Douglass Student Center on the Rutgers–New Brunswick campus this January, featuring a dynamic botanical display that showcased some of the plants growing at the Floriculture Greenhouse.

Danielle Lohrman (SEBS’27) makes sure the display plants look their best. Photo by Daniel Jacobs

Held January 16–18, the free annual event welcomed hobbyist growers, commercial producers and plant enthusiasts to enjoy and connect over this much-loved flowering plant family. Rutgers Gardens was a 2026 co-sponsor and exhibitor. Daniel Jacobs, assistant director: greenhouses for Rutgers Gardens, coordinated the activities for students to show off their skills and creativity in this year’s exhibit.

“I was excited to have such a great crew of students—eight Rutgers Gardens student horticulturists and two Floriculture Greenhouse students—involved in the creation of our display. The students worked alongside me, greenhouse assistant Sophia Gonzales, alumni Michael Bowell and Katie Majorossy, Nicki Graf (former Floriculture Greenhouse manager), and Plant Biology staff member Gary Huntzinger to select plants, spruce them up, and design and construct a 48-square -foot display that showcased the 28 individual orchids competing for ribbons at the show.”

Aidan Icasiano (SCI’26), who helped build the display, learned in his Intro to Horticulture class that New Jersey was once a prominent figure in the orchid industry. “Seeing all these people at the NJOS show who are really passionate about orchids reminded me of that,” illustrating how student experiences at events like this can amplify classroom-based learning.

Aidan’s fellow interns at Rutgers Gardens include Solana Garcia (SEBS ’27) and David Ackerman (SEBS ’26), who is earning a bachelor of science in landscape architecture (BSLA) degree. All were new to working with orchids but enjoyed collaborating on the display design with the group. “It was eye opening,” Solana says. “I didn’t know this world of orchids existed. But it’s a whole community of wonderful people who are all so nice. It was also cool to see Rutgers alumni support the event.”

One such alum is Michael Bowell (CC’78), who spearheaded the construction of the display. He shared details of his time working alongside the students:

Rutgers Gardens student horticulturists and Floriculture Greenhouse Assistant Sophia Gonzales construct the orchid display. Photo by Daniel Jacobs

“When I started with Rutgers Alumni Growers and Exhibitors (RAGE) many years ago with my friend Nicki Graf, I had no idea where it might lead. This year, I had the best team yet at the NJOS annual show. I came in with some building blocks such as flowering orchid plants and props. I was greeted by eight very enthusiastic students who built the exhibit. It was especially interesting having Landscape Architecture students on that team. Their observations and suggestions were spot on.”

Throughout the show weekend, the students answered questions about their display and championed the Rutgers Gardens Internship Program to members of the community. Danielle Lohrman (SEBS’27) was even asked to judge orchids and displays at the show.

She shares how this invitation came about. “I helped set up the display with the group of Rutgers Alumni Growers and Exhibitors. I was able to use my perspective as a Landscape Architecture major to create a beautiful arrangement of several orchid varieties. When the display was finished, I took the opportunity to talk to people at the event and had a wonderful conversation with Carrie Buchman, past NJOS president and show chair, and an accredited American Orchid Society (AOS) judge. She gave me the opportunity to be on the judging panel for the show, and I was quickly thrown into the world of orchid culture! Before the event, I didn’t know a single thing about orchids. Now, I can ace a round of orchid trivia and have a newfound appreciation for these beautiful plants. I even bought two of them at the show! This was a rare and wonderful experience and I’m so grateful for the opportunity to be a part of this community. I met so many incredible people, made many new friends, and gained extensive knowledge of this field.”

Kaitlin Gotting (SEBS’28) readies the plants in the Floriculture Greenhouse. Photo by Daniel Jacobs.

Lauren Errickson, director of Rutgers Gardens and campus stewardship, says “co-hosting the NJOS annual orchid show reinforces how Rutgers Gardens, as the university botanical garden, can facilitate key connections between our students, community and the horticulture industry, including with alumni who continue to engage with our school and help support the next generation of plant enthusiasts along the way.”

This was the first year in recent memory that Carrie Buchman wasn’t a co-chair. She took a break because she spends much of her time as an AOS judge, traveling to orchid shows all over the country and even internationally. Judges are not paid for their services. When asked why she volunteers both her time and her travel costs, Carrie responds, “You see some amazing stuff.”

She’s also thrilled that this annual show at Trayes Hall in the Douglass Student Center has continued. “There are now 11 AOS awards given out at the NJOS Annual Show, which is practically unheard of, in a good way.” That is an indicator of the growth potential this collaborative event has, with countless opportunities for student involvement and volunteering, both with future events and within the local orchid societies to continue gaining experience and education. “It’s a huge effort to put this event on. The partnership between the NJOS and Rutgers is a big win and a mutually beneficial relationship for everybody.”

At the NJOS show, Carrie is responsible for creating all plant labels and ensuring they are correct at each display, which is a very involved and detailed process. She notes, “It’s like pulling teeth,” to get all the plant registration sheets with the information to perform these duties. This year, the students managed the process for the RAGE display, and according to Carrie, “They did an amazing job. Everything was delivered on time right to my email address without any issues or need to chase down the information.”

Rutgers Gardens students celebrate their collection of ribbons for the orchid display they helped create. From left to right: Danielle Lohrman, Solana Garcia, Grace Silva, and David Ackerman. Photo by Moira Keihm

Daniel Jacobs continues, “The group was awarded 15 total ribbons, including 8 first place ribbons for different orchid categories, and the exhibit won second prize in the display category! I’m proud of how well our students did, many of whom hadn’t handled an orchid until this weekend. It brought me joy to watch our students connect with alumni and learn and laugh with them.”

“I am so proud of them,” states Michael Bowell. “Dan is doing a great job there at the Floriculture Greenhouse. I am committed to serving as a volunteer with Rutgers students as long as they’ll have me. It’s my way of celebrating my success in horticulture and giving back to RU. I spend some of my best years as a Rutgers student, building the Hortus Society and helping organize the flower show in Blake Hall in 1978, as well as being a member of the RU Marching Band!”

North Jersey Orchid Society volunteers come to the Rutgers Floriculture Greenhouse four to six times per year to pot up and care for orchid plants, and to share their knowledge with students. At the annual show, Rutgers Gardens staff were also given a special behind-the-scenes tour by Joseph Rohal, co-chair of the NJOS Annual Show. Says Jacobs, “The team learned about the American Orchid Society and its judging criteria, the role local chapters like NJOS play in building community and spreading knowledge, and a little bit about this very diverse plant family. Despite the cold and snow, I would call the show a success!”

A version of this article originally appeared in the January 2026 Friends of Rutgers Gardens newsletter. Subscribe to receive monthly updates from Rutgers Gardens here.

One of the gorgeous orchid displays at the NJOS annual show. Photo by Bayard Saraduke