Field, Forage, and Livestock Edition - Rutgers Plant & Pest Advisory

Networks to Reduce Risk: Field trip to Montclair Community Farms and Program Wrap up

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Mon, 11 May 2026 04:00:18 +0000

Join us on Saturday, June 13, 2026, for the final event of the Networks to Reduce Risk: Building Viable NJ Farms program! We’re celebrating with a special field trip to Montclair Community Farms from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. This fun wrap‑up event offers a great chance to explore urban agriculture, learn about sustainability and community food systems, and connect with fellow participants. Light snacks and refreshments will be provided, and it’s the perfect opportunity to take photos and close out the program together. Registration is just $5—save your spot today! You can register at: https://go.rutgers.edu/lxjqrrv7

Managing Orchards Through a Season With Limited Yields

Fri, 08 May 2026 22:29:37 GMT

The recent freeze event April 20-21, 2026, has had wide ranging impacts on fruit crops statewide, including but not limited to peaches, nectarines, cherries, apples, pears, and plums. Across the state, significant injury to blossoms and young fruit has been confirmed, with many orchards reporting substantial crop loss. The extent of damage remains highly variable by location, elevation, crop, cultivar, and ultimately phenological stage at the time of the freeze, with the most severe injury observed in low-lying areas and orchard blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall.

Despite the reduced crop potential, continued pest monitoring and management remain important, particularly in blocks producing some fruit. Even where no fruit will be harvested, we need to adjust our approach to insect and disease management with a focus on maintaining healthy orchards for the next crop. Promoting tree health, maintaining low pest and disease inoculum, and supporting return bloom for the next season should be priorities for the remainder of this season.

Orchard Tree Care

Managing Crop Load in Apples

If fruitlets are expanding, there is a good chance they will set fruit.

Assessing internal browning of fruitlets shortly after a frost typically results in over estimation of damage; more time will be needed to determine both cropload and whether thinners will be warranted.

If you saw damage to the fruitlets but they are holding on and growing you will likely have misshapen fruit.

The most precise way to measure crop load THIS YEAR is to measure fruitlet diameter and input that data into the Cornell growth model (Malusim app).

The website can be found here: https://malusim.org and instructions on using Malusim can be found here: Clements-Malusim-app

The best way to assess how many fruits you will have per tree is by using the fruit growth rate model (measuring diameters twice over a 5-day period).

You should wait until fruits are 7mm before making the first measurement and then make a second measurement 5 days later and the model will predict what percentage of fruitlets are growing.

When you make the first measurement, tag 15 spurs on each of 5 trees for a total of 75 spurs.

When you enter the data in the Malusism app enter numbers for 5 fruits per spur even if the spur only has 1 or 2 fruits.  For the missing fruits enter a value of 0.1.

The result after the second measurement will be a % fruit set.  To estimate how many actual fruits will be on the tree you need to do whole tree counts of flower clusters on 5 trees.

If most of the spur flowers are killed and not growing, the bloom on one-year-wood should be preserved.  This is accomplished by waiting to apply thinners until the king fruit of those clusters is at least 12mm.  (By that time the fruits on spurs will be rather large, 16mm).  When the king fruits on the clusters from one-year-wood are 12mm, they are set well and will not thin off easily, but the lateral fruitlets on those clusters can still be thinned off.

If by the time fruits are 16mm on spurs and 12mm on lateral bloom you determine that thinning is needed, you should thin according to the carbohydrate balance at that point in time.  Damaged fruits set with Promalin can be just as hard to thin off as undamaged fruits in a normal year. However, it is likely you will apply a reduced dose to make sure you do not overthin and then finish the thinning job with hand thinning in June and early July.

There may be many fruits that have frost ring or russet or are misshapen.  These do not thin off easily. They can only be removed by hand thinning.

Another Plant and Pest Advisory post with more in depth thinning and return bloom spray recommendations will be coming in the next few weeks so keep an eye out!

Managing Foliar Growth in Trees with Little to no Crop Load

If your crop was significantly damaged do not apply anymore nitrogen to your orchard this year.

In a normal year a portion of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied for fruit trees pre-bloom and a second portion applied post-bloom or after the level of fruit set is known

The 2026 season is not a typical year. With fruit set in some orchards ranging from a normal load or towards a near total fruit loss due to frost damage, growers should reassess on a case-by-case basis to apply the normal amount or a reduced amount of recommended nitrogen fertilizer.

For orchards where some nitrogen fertilizer was already applied pre-bloom and where there has been a total crop fruit loss due to frost, no further nitrogen fertilizer is recommended for the 2026 growing season.

For orchards with good fruit set, apply nitrogen fertilizer as one would in a normal growing season.

Perform leaf tissue analysis in July to assess nutrient levels (specifically nitrogen status), though do not apply anymore until 2027.

The information provided by the analysis will be useful for guiding nutrient applications in the 2027 fruit growing season.

There is likely to be significant shoot vigor this growing season if there is little to no crop load.

In apples, Kudos/Apogee (Prohexadione-calcium) can be applied to suppress excessive shoot growth. Beginning at 1-3 inches of growth apply 8 oz/100 gal once a week for three consecutive weeks. This can also help manage insects like aphids that feed on succulent new growth and diseases like the shoot blight phase of fire blight.

In peaches, consider summer pruning this year to help maintain tree shape and prevent excessive growth.

Orchard Disease Management

As development continues into petal fall and early fruit set, this remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for diseases like fire blight, bacterial spot, scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust.

Diseases that negatively impact and damage fruit, including rusty spot, brown rot, white rot, sooty blotch and flyspeck should not be a priority this season. However, diseases that can cause severe defoliation still need to be managed effectively. Orchards with low to no crop can use conservative spray programs with focus on using broad spectrum fungicides.

For fire blight, infection can still occur through blossoms even if they are freeze damaged.
- Keep an eye on disease prediction models and apply antibiotics prior to infection periods when bloom is present
- Actigard and Apogee/Kudos can be included for additional defense against shoot blight, especially in young blocks
For bacterial spot, maintain coverage with low levels of copper to reduce inoculum building up on leaves and reduce the risk for infections for the following season.
- Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days.
- Refer to this guide published by Dr. Norm Lalancette for copper applications in early covers.
Apple scab infections can persist on leaves in the orchards even without fruit, so it could be a good opportunity to knock down inoculum
- To manage apple scab continue applications of Manzate at 6 lb/A or Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A prior to predicted infection periods to lower inoculum for the next season
- If both powdery mildew and cedar apple rust are a concern, Manzate at 3 lb/A should be tank mixed with Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A. Manzate is effective on apple scab and cedar apple rust but not powdery mildew. Microthiol Disperss is effective on apple scab and powdery mildew but not cedar apple rust.
Peach scab should not be a concern unless there is a history of high disease pressure – lesions can form on this year’s fruiting shoots which will provide a source of inoculum next season. In this situation management is necessary, and Captan should be applied before a heavy rainfall event at 2.5 lb/A.
- Management of fungal diseases is still needed to prevent a buildup of rot and leaf pathogens for next season.
Pear Scab and Fabraea Leaf Spot should be managed through applications of Manzate or Ziram through may and early summer to prevent defoliation and inoculum build up. Severe infections can weaken trees and impact return bloom.
Marssonina Blotch, Glomerella Leaf Spot, and Frogeye Leaf Spot should be managed as these diseases will cause defoliation and provide a source of inoculum for black rot and bitter rot next season. Maintain coverage of Captan, Manzate, or Ziram prior to rain events through the growing season according to the cover spray rule of applications every 2” of rain or 14 days, whichever comes first.
Cedar apple rust and powdery mildew should be managed in orchards with a history of disease as severe infestations can cause stunted growth and stress.
- For cedar apple rust, continue applying Manzate at 6 lb/A until the end of May
- If conditions are optimal for cedar apple rust and powdery mildew, apply Manzate at 3 lb/A and Microthiol Disperss at 10 lb/A through July
- The pathogen causing powdery mildew of apple also causes rusty spot on peaches so it is especially important to control this disease to keep inoculum levels down for next year if apples are grown next to peaches

Orchard Insect Management

Any fruit remaining on trees will attract insects which will cause damage and continue to maintain populations in the orchards.

Due to the reduced crop load, there may be more insects competing for individual fruit to complete their lifecycle so there may be more damage on a fruit by fruit basis

If you are planning to retain a crop, you must continue to intensively manage insect pests as you would in a normal season

In the event you choose not to harvest fruit this season, there are several insects that will only be targeting the developing fruit and therefore do not need to be managed including plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, brown marmorated stinkbug, native stink bugs, tufted apple bud moth, oblique banded leafroller, and thrips.

Aphids, leafhoppers, and mites can feed extensively on foliage and terminals, causing leaf curling and stunting. This can impact next year’s fruit that will be set in this season. Without fruit, the trees may tolerate a higher threshold of these pests, but they should still be managed.
- Beneficial insects may help reduce populations of these pests this season, making insecticides targeting them unnecessary.
Pear Psylla can feed extensively on foliage and terminals causing defoliation. In heavy infestations this pest can cause stunting of the tree referred to as “psylla shock” which can reduce next season’s fruit set.
- Intensive management should be continued in orchards with a history of this pest.
Scale insects are generally controlled with a dormant oil or delayed dormant application; however, in severe infestations you can monitor using double-sided sticky tape on trunks and apply Esteem or Centaur at the crawler stage.
- Beneficial insects including lady beetles and parasitoid wasps may control pest populations better in reduced spray programs.
Oriental fruit moth larvae do not require fruit to cause damage and should be managed in orchards without a crop. The first- and second-generation moths will lay their eggs in terminals and as the larvae develop, they will cause noticeable “flagging” damage. This “flagging” damage can be particularly detrimental in young orchards.
- This pest can be managed via mating disruption or well-timed insecticides for the first and second generations to knock populations down particularly in young blocks if there are high trap counts. If you have a history of high OFM pressure, mating disruption may be a more cost-effective option at ~$100/A versus a rotational insecticide program for the first- and second-generation degree day timings averaging ~$150-$200/A. If your orchard typically has low OFM pressure and you have not applied your mating disruption dispensers, it may be more cost effective to save your mating disruption in the freezer for next year and monitor populations. If your populations become higher than normal, one well timed insecticide application to target this pest can range from ~$8-$50/A.
- Refer to this Plant & Pest Advisory post from Dr. Anne Nielsen on targeted pest management considerations for OFM and other key pests.
Codling moth require fruit to complete their lifecycle so it is possible that a season without fruit may be detrimental to their populations. However, this pest may be able to find fruit in the surrounding woodlot and then move back into the orchard the following season.
- It will be important to monitor this pest via pheromone traps and apply a well-timed insecticide if populations are getting higher than usual.
- If you have had trouble with this pest in the past, it may be a good year to reduce populations via mating disruption.
Borers such as dogwood borer (DWB), lesser peach tree borer (LPTB), greater peach tree borer (GPTB), and ambrosia beetle are indirect pests of tree fruit and will attack the tree regardless of the fruit load.
- Continue monitoring with pheromone traps to determine if populations are present and time applications around peak flight activity.
- Mating disruption is an effective strategy for managing DWB, LPTB, and GPTB.
- Trunk sprays can be applied at well-timed intervals throughout the year.

Orchard Weed Management During a Low Crop Year

Low crop production years in tree fruit present a different set of weed management priorities compared to typical seasons. While reduced yield may lessen immediate concerns about weed–crop competition, these seasons offer an important opportunity to reset weed pressure and improve long-term orchard floor management.

Shift in Management Objectives

In a low crop year, the focus should shift from protecting current yield to reducing weed populations and preventing future infestations. With fewer fruit sinks, trees often allocate more resources to vegetative growth, which can influence both competitive dynamics with weeds and crop sensitivity to herbicide injury. This is also an ideal time to scout and map weed populations across the orchard, documenting dominant species and problem areas. These records directly inform preemergence (PRE) herbicide selection and placement in the following season.

Strengthening Residual Programs

PRE herbicides should play a central role in weed management during low production years. Maintaining a clean herbicide strip beneath the tree canopy throughout the season helps reduce weed seed production, limits early-season competition, and improves control consistency going into the following year. Where appropriate, consider using full labeled rates and tank mixtures of PRE herbicides with different sites of action to extend residual activity and manage resistance. Always read and follow the full label before use.

Postemergence Applications and Crop Safety

Timely postemergence (POST) applications remain important to prevent escapes and seed production, even in low crop years. Registered POST options include glyphosate and glufosinate for directed applications, and clethodim for grass control. However, caution is warranted:

Trees may exhibit altered physiological responses due to reduced crop load

Stone fruits (peach, sweet cherry, tart cherry) are generally more sensitive to herbicide contact and root uptake of certain residuals than pome fruits (apple, pear)

Young plantings and thin-barked trees are at greater risk of injury from bark contact

Directed or shielded applications are strongly recommended to minimize contact with trunks, scaffold branches, and foliage

Resistance Management

Herbicide-resistant weed populations are an increasing concern in Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern orchards. Glyphosate- and paraquat-resistant horseweed (Erigeron canadensis) is well-documented in the region, and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) has shown reduced sensitivity to certain herbicide classes. To reduce selection pressure, rotate herbicide sites of action across seasons, not only within a single season, and avoid exclusive reliance on any single POST chemistry for escapes and patch control.

Opportunities for Targeting Perennial Weeds

Perennial species should be prioritized during low crop years. With reduced concern about fruit loss, growers can target optimal application timing for systemic postemergence herbicides when weeds are actively growing and most susceptible. Key perennial species of concern in NJ and NY orchards include:

Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)

Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica)

Multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora)

Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans)

Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)

Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus)

Goldenrod (Solidago spp.)

Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense)

Sequential applications or integration with mechanical tactics may be necessary to effectively reduce belowground reserves. Note that many of these species may require multi-year management programs and, in some cases, mechanical removal prior to herbicide application.

Managing Tree Vigor

Reduced crop load commonly results in increased vegetative growth. A clean orchard floor combined with reduced weed competition can further enhance vigor, which is not always desirable. Excessive shoot growth can complicate canopy management and increase disease pressure. Growers should monitor nitrogen inputs carefully, adjust irrigation to avoid overstimulating growth, and manage watersprouts and excessive shoot development through summer pruning as needed. Competitive cover crops in the alleyway can serve a dual role: suppressing weeds while moderating overall tree vigor through resource competition.

Environmental and Regulatory Considerations

Applicators should be familiar with required buffer zones and consult the NJDEP Pesticide Control Program as well as Registrant database for current restrictions and state-specific requirements. Herbicide applications should always be timed to avoid bloom periods when pollinators are active in the orchard.

Looking Ahead

Effective weed management during a low crop year can significantly improve conditions for the following season. Reducing the weed seedbank, targeting difficult perennial species, and scouting to map problem areas positions growers to enter the next production cycle with lower pressure and potentially reduced input needs.

Bottom line: Low production years should be viewed as an opportunity—not a setback—for improving weed management. Strategic use of residual herbicides, targeted control of perennial species, integration of alternative tactics, and thorough scouting can provide lasting benefits for orchard productivity and long-term sustainability.

Always read and follow pesticide label directions. The label is the law. Herbicide registrations are subject to change; verify current registration status in New Jersey and New York before use.

Laser Weeder Demonstration in Vegetable Field Trials at RAREC

Tue, 05 May 2026 14:43:28 GMT

Wednesday, May 13th at 10 am

Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center (RAREC)

121 Northville Rd, Bridgeton, NJ 08302

Come see vegetable field trials evaluating the LaserWeeder G2 by Carbon Robotics.

Laser weeding and laser crop thinning will be demonstrated in spinach, kale, and cilantro

Come see this new weed control technology in action!

More information is available on the attached flyer May 13 Laser Weeder Field Day

Please dress for field conditions.

Networks to Reduce Risk: Field trip to Montclair Community Farms and Program Wrap up

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Thu, 30 Apr 2026 16:13:14 +0000

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/20/2026

Sat, 25 Apr 2026 19:43:37 GMT

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development across New Jersey progressed rapidly over the past week under continued warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit across much of the state. Reports from across the state indicate substantial losses in many orchards, particularly in low-lying areas and blocks that were at full bloom or petal fall during the freeze. The extent of damage varies by location, variety, and orchard conditions; growers are encouraged to assess injury at the block level before making management decisions.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ were at full bloom during the freeze event across the state and are likely to have sustained significant injury. Later varieties and northern regions may have experienced variable damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions. Surviving fruitlets, if present, will become more apparent over the coming week.

In pears, most varieties across the state were at or just past bloom during the freeze, and significant crop loss is being reported. More advanced Asian pears may have experienced higher levels of injury.

Peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties were largely at petal fall to early shuck split during the freeze, and many orchards are reporting severe crop loss. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage levels appear variable but may still be substantial in exposed sites.

Despite crop loss, continued monitoring for pests and diseases remains important, particularly in blocks with surviving fruit or where tree health and next season’s production are priorities.

Management Considerations After Freeze

Assess damage before making inputs.
Wait several days for symptoms to fully develop before making thinning, fertilization, or pest management decisions. Cut buds/fruitlets to check for browning of the ovary to determine viability.
Thinning programs may not be needed.
In blocks with significant crop loss, chemical thinning applications should be reduced or avoided. Where crops remain, adjust rates conservatively based on observed fruit set.
Maintain disease management programs.
Even in blocks with reduced crop, fungicide coverage should be maintained (e.g., apple scab, brown rot) to protect foliage and overall tree health. This is critical for supporting return bloom next season.
Fire blight risk remains important.
Damaged blossoms can still serve as infection sites. Continue to monitor models (e.g., NEWA) and apply bactericides where risk is high and viable bloom remains.
Insect management should be adjusted, not eliminated.
Continue monitoring key pests (e.g., Oriental fruit moth, codling moth, plum curculio). In blocks with little to no crop, insecticide programs may be reduced, but trunk and foliar pests that impact tree health should still be managed.
Focus on tree health and next year’s crop. Where crop loss is severe, prioritize maintaining healthy foliage through proper nutrition and disease control to support bud development for the 2027 season.

Apples

Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology advanced rapidly across New Jersey over the past week under warm conditions; however, a significant freeze event has impacted orchards statewide. Most varieties were pink to full bloom during the freeze, with early varieties in southern counties, such as ‘Pink Lady,’ at full bloom and likely sustaining substantial injury. Later varieties and more northern regions may show variable levels of damage depending on bloom stage and site conditions.

As temperatures remain favorable, development will continue into petal fall, where viable fruit remains. This remains a critical period for disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust. Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining protection of foliage and any surviving fruit is important for overall tree health and return bloom next season. Monitoring for early-season insect pests should also continue, with management decisions adjusted based on crop presence and block-specific conditions.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County	Green Tip	Tight Cluster	Pink Bud	Bloom	Petal Fall
Cumberland	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8	4/17
Gloucester	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8	4/17
Burlington	3/22	3/28	4/2	4/13	4/22
Mercer	3/22	3/28	4/2	4/13	4/22
Middlesex	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14	4/22
Monmouth	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14	4/22
Hunterdon	3/22	4/1	4/10	4/17	TBD
Morris	3/26	4/4	4/11	4/17	TBD
Warren	3/30	4/4	4/13	4/17	TBD
Sussex	3/31	4/10	4/14	4/18	TBD
Bergen	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14	TBD

Apple Scab

Models

Apple scab infection risk remains elevated as we move through bloom and into petal fall. Ascospore maturity continues to increase rapidly, and we are in a critical window for primary infection. While recent conditions have been relatively dry, upcoming forecasted wetting events may result in significant ascospore discharge and infection risk. Growers should continue to monitor forecasts closely and maintain fungicide coverage, particularly ahead of rain events. Models are available through NEWA and RIMpro.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station

~69–74% ascospore maturity as of April 22–23
~43% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
Forecasted to reach ~79–84% maturity by April 24–26
Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~78–82% by April 25–27
A combined infection event is forecasted for April 25–26 with sufficient wetting and favorable temperatures for infection

Primary scab season is approaching peak discharge, and maintaining coverage through this period is essential to prevent the establishment of primary infections.

Management Considerations

Fungicide programs should be maintained through bloom and into petal fall, particularly ahead of the forecasted infection event later this week. Despite widespread freeze injury, protecting foliage and any remaining viable fruit is critical for both current and next season’s production.

Programs should prioritize control of apple scab, fire blight (where bloom remains), powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, especially given increasing ascospore maturity and the upcoming wetting period.

Recommended Programs

Protectant + single-site tank mix:
- Mancozeb or Captan + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
FRAC 3 (DMI fungicides):
- Rally, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, Cevya
- Strong activity on scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust
FRAC 7 fungicides:
- Fontelis, Miravis, Sercadis
- Effective for scab and mildew, but limited rust activity
- Reserve Aprovia for summer bitter rot programs (max 4 applications)
FRAC 7 + 11 or 7 + 9 premixes:
- Merivon, Luna Sensation, Luna Tranquility, Pristine
- Broad-spectrum activity; good fit during high scab pressure periods
FRAC 9 or FRAC 1 fungicides:
- Vangard, Scala, Topsin
- Useful for scab, but do not control cedar apple rust
Fire blight management:
- Rotate Kasugamycin, Streptomycin, and Oxytetracycline
- Kasumin is labeled only through bloom/petal fall
- Streptomycin and oxytetracycline can be used post-bloom (note: FireLine 45 allows only 1 post-bloom application)
- Consider Actigard, Apogee/Kudos, or other plant defense elicitors where appropriate

Key Reminders

Time applications ahead of rain events – a significant infection period is forecasted around April 25–26
Apply on a 3–7 day interval, tightening to 3–5 days during high-risk periods
Do not relax fungicide programs despite crop loss – protecting foliage is critical for return bloom
Powdery mildew remains active under dry conditions
Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk
Rotate FRAC groups and preserve FRAC 11 fungicides for summer use

Monitor:

NEWA models
Weather/wetting events
Phenology

Insect Update

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Ambrosia Beetle

Significant flight activity has been observed across New Jersey, with high trap captures reported in multiple counties
Activity remains elevated, particularly following recent warm temperatures
Continue monitoring closely, especially in stressed, freeze-damaged, declining, or newly planted blocks, which remain highly susceptible
Freeze-injured trees may be more attractive to ambrosia beetles, increasing risk even in blocks with little to no crop

Codling Moth (CM)

Biofix has been set for southern New Jersey as of April 20, 2026
No trap capture has occurred in northern New Jersey this season
Begin tracking degree-day accumulations from this date to time management applications
In blocks with viable crop, early-season control is important to prevent internal fruit feeding later in the season
In blocks with little to no crop, CM management programs may be reduced, but monitoring should continue

Summary

A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss across many orchards
Damage varies by block, and crop viability should be assessed before making management decisions
Apple scab risk is approaching peak primary infection, with a major infection event forecasted around April 25–26—fungicide coverage is critical ahead of rain
Fire blight risk remains in blocks with surviving bloom; continue monitoring models and applying bactericides as needed
Even in low-crop blocks, maintaining disease control and tree health is essential to support return bloom for next season

Pears

Pear Phenology Update

Pear development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit.

Most European pear varieties in New Jersey were at full bloom to early petal fall during the freeze and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. Damage levels vary by block, and growers should assess viability over the coming days.

Asian pear varieties, which were generally slightly more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of injury in some locations due to increased sensitivity at later bloom stages. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions.

Where viable fruit remains, development will continue into petal fall. Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity remains generally low to moderate across southern New Jersey, though variability exists by block
Freeze-damaged orchards may see increased psylla pressure, as stressed trees are more susceptible to colonization

Regional Observations:

Gloucester County: None observed
Salem County: Adults observed
Burlington County: No activity observed to date
Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall and temperatures remain warm, psylla populations are expected to increase, particularly where eggs are already present.

Management Considerations

Insecticide applications should target newly hatched nymphs, which are the most susceptible stage
Timing is critical—applications shortly after egg hatch provide the most effective control
Prioritize blocks with historically high pressure, current egg presence, or freeze stress
Even in blocks with reduced crop, psylla management remains important to protect tree health and prevent honeydew/sooty mold buildup

Recommended Options

Movento (IRAC 23) – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (apply with a spreading/penetrating adjuvant for best performance)
Actara (IRAC 4A) – highly effective on psylla and aphids
Assail (IRAC 4A) – good activity on psylla and multiple pests
Belay (IRAC 4A) – effective option for psylla control
Centaur (IRAC 16) – targets immature stages
Sivanto Prime (IRAC 4D) – effective, softer option with good activity
Agri-mek (IRAC 6) – strong option when applied with oil/adjuvant, especially for nymph control

Pear Diseases

Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall, the primary bloom infection period is largely complete; however, fire blight risk remains a concern, particularly under warm conditions and in blocks with freeze-injured tissue.

The recent freeze may increase susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and succulent regrowth provide entry points for infection, especially during rain, wind, or rapid shoot growth.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

Continue monitoring forecasts using NEWA for blight risk, especially following storms
Discontinue streptomycin after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
Kasumin may be used up to petal fall only; do not apply afterward
Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, particularly during warm, wet, or stormy conditions
In high-risk situations, oxytetracycline (e.g., Mycoshield/FireLine) may be used post-bloom for shoot blight suppression

Management Considerations:

Watch closely for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger infections
Maintain heightened awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight or freeze injury
Rapid shoot growth under warm conditions increases susceptibility—vigorous orchards are at higher risk
Be prepared to transition to post-bloom shoot blight management strategies, including timely antibiotic applications where appropriate

Fungicide Considerations (Post-Bloom)

Maintain protectant fungicides (e.g., Mancozeb, Ziram) for pear scab and Fabraea leaf spot
Use FRAC 3, 7, and premix fungicides (e.g., Inspire Super, Merivon, Luna products) for broad-spectrum disease control
Rotate FRAC groups to manage resistance and maintain program efficacy
Continue coverage even in low-crop blocks to protect foliage and support return bloom

Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling indicates that infection risk is increasing rapidly, with a significant infection period developing April 25–27. Infection values are reaching moderate to high levels, indicating strong potential for primary infections during this window.

Ascospore availability remains high, and with forecasted wetting events and increasing susceptibility, this represents a critical period for disease management. Even as trees move beyond bloom, maintaining coverage is essential to prevent the establishment of primary scab infections.

At and Past Petal Fall

Maintain protective fungicide coverage, especially ahead of the April 25–27 infection period
Apply prior to rain events, as infection occurs during leaf wetness periods
If ≥2 inches of rainfall occurs after an application, consider reapplication to maintain protection
Conditions are favorable for infection under cool, wet weather with extended leaf wetness

Recommended Options

Protectants: Mancozeb, Ziram, Ferbam
Resistance-risk materials: Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super
Vangard – use in tank mix with a protectant

Summary

A significant freeze event has resulted in widespread blossom and fruit loss in many New Jersey pear orchards, with damage varying by block and site conditions.

Most pear varieties in southern counties are now at petal fall to early post-bloom, while northern counties range from full bloom to late bloom
Asian pear varieties, which were more advanced, may have experienced greater levels of freeze injury in some locations
Pear psylla pressure remains low to moderate, but populations are expected to increase with warm temperatures and may be higher in freeze-stressed blocks
Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, with a focus on targeting early nymph hatch and prioritizing high-pressure or stressed orchards
Pear scab risk is increasing, with a high-risk infection period forecasted around April 25–27—fungicide coverage should be maintained ahead of rainfall
Fire blight risk remains elevated, particularly in blocks with freeze injury and actively growing shoots; monitor for trauma events and late infection risk
Even in blocks with reduced crop, maintaining disease control and tree health is critical to support return bloom and productivity next season
Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions, pest activity, and tree response will be essential over the next 7–10 days

Peaches

Peach Phenology

Peach and nectarine development progressed rapidly across New Jersey under recent warm temperatures; however, a significant freeze event has resulted in widespread injury to blossoms and young fruit, particularly in southern counties.
Most varieties in southern New Jersey were at shuck split during the freeze, a highly sensitive stage, and are likely to have sustained substantial crop loss, especially in low-lying or frost-prone areas. In northern counties, where bloom was still ongoing, damage appears more variable depending on site conditions and variety.
Development will continue to advance under favorable temperatures, with any surviving fruit progressing through shuck split into early fruit development. Over the coming week, growers should assess crop viability at the block level as injury becomes more apparent.
Despite potential crop loss, maintaining disease management and overall tree health remains important to support return bloom and long-term productivity.

Brown Rot

Blossom blight risk is declining as orchards move through petal fall; however, brown rot remains a concern on young fruitlets, particularly under warm, wet conditions. The recent freeze may have increased susceptibility, as damaged blossoms and fruitlets can serve as infection sites.

Infection is favored during wetting periods between 41–86°F (optimal mid-70s), and risk remains elevated during extended wet periods. Fruitlets remain susceptible through shuck split, after which natural resistance begins to increase.

Management Considerations

Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall
Focus on protecting young fruitlets, particularly in blocks with a history of brown rot
If prolonged wetting occurred during bloom, ensure continued protection post-bloom
Rotate fungicide chemistries to reduce resistance risk

Recommended Petal Fall / Early Cover Materials

Effective options:
- Indar, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Flint Extra
Additional options:
- Rovral (prior to petal fall timing only)
- Captan (useful in cover sprays)

Notes:

Many of the most effective materials (FRAC 7, 11, 3) also play key roles in pre-harvest brown rot control—plan rotations accordingly
Avoid over-reliance on any single FRAC group
Abound and Quadris Top are highly effective, but are phytotoxic to apples—do not use if the same sprayer is used across crops

Petal Fall / Early Cover Disease Programs

Peach scab:
- Cankers begin to expand at bloom and by shuck split begin to shed spores during wetting periods, so protective applications should be initiated starting at petal fall.
- Captan or Captan/Topsin combinations are good for cover sprays after shuck split for blocks that had scab last year.
- Apply Flint Extra or Abound at petal fall for anti-sporulant activity in high-pressure blocks.

Bacterial spot:
- Begin protection at petal fall in susceptible blocks using copper or Mycoshield, especially under warm, wet conditions.
- Avoid combining copper with captan especially if it has been overcast for several days.
Rusty spot:
- Programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application.

Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

OFM traps are active across New Jersey, with biofix set for April 7 in South NJ and April 15 for most counties in North NJ.
Degree-day accumulation should be tracked from this date to properly time first-generation management. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days (base 45 deg F) after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off regardless of degree day timing. No Insecticides for OFM should be needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.
As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for first cover applications targeting OFM larvae. Timings can be calculated using the degree day calculator at the NEWA website by choosing the weather station nearest your farm, entering the biofix date as the start date, and choosing base 45 in the “degree day type” menu.
Keep in mind that plum curculio is also active at petal fall so an insecticide that targets both pests should be selected, like Asana or Avaunt.

OFM 1^st Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by 4/24 base 45	Conventional 170-200, 350-375	Diamide 100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern	235	1^st –4/18-4/23 2^nd –	1^st –past 2^nd –
Middlesex – Northern	133	1^st –4/30-5/2 2^nd –	1^st – 4/22-4/28 2^nd –

Scale

Delayed dormant oil applications are complete for most orchards.
Where oil was not applied or in orchards where scale is a recurring problem, an application of Centaur at petal fall or Movento between petal fall and shuck split should “clean up” problem blocks. Centaur is recommended at 34.5 ozs./ac and Movento should be applied at 6-9 ozs./ac. A penetrant must be included to Movento as per the product label. Movento will also control green peach aphid when used at this time.
Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and planning for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split.
Continue scouting as terminals expand, and colonies begin to establish.
Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold:
- Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
- Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Lesser and Greater Peach Tree Borers

Growers using mating disruption for borer control can begin placing dispensers around the end of April and should have them in place by mid-May.

Petal Fall Considerations

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall.

Target key pests including:
- OFM (timed by degree-days from biofix)
- Plum curculio
- Tarnished plant bug and other catfacing isnects
- Green peach aphid

Early applications should focus on preventing the establishment of first-generation pests, particularly in blocks with a history of pressure

Recommended Petal Fall Options

OFM / Leafrollers:
- Altacor, Asana, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
Plum Curculio / Catfacing Insects:
- Imidan, Avaunt, Actara, pyrethroids (e.g., Warrior II, Lambda-Cy)
Green Peach Aphid:
- Assail, Actara, Admire Pro

Summary

Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are at petal fall to shuck split, while northern counties are at full bloom to petal fall.
The freeze event earlier this week has resulted in significant impact across the state, although the effect on projected crop yield is currently unknown.
Brown rot risk remains present, particularly during wetting events, with young fruitlets susceptible through shuck split.
Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall.
OFM biofix was set for 4/7 for southern counties and 4/15 for northern counties, and growers should continue tracking degree-day accumulation to time first-generation management.
Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting key pests including OFM, plum curculio, tarnished plant bug, and green peach aphid.

Field Trip: Managing Risk on your Agritourism Farm

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Sat, 25 Apr 2026 04:00:53 +0000

There’s still time to register!

Rutgers Snyder Research and Extension Farm

Tuesday, April 28

10.00am – 1.00pm

Register at: https://go.rutgers.edu/ncudh8xr

Ag Drone Webinar, Tuesday, April 28th 7:00PM

Michelle Infante-Casella — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 18:56:01 +0000

Using Drones in Agriculture
Webinar
Date: April 28, 2026
Time: 7:00-8:30 PM

This program will highlight research projects, and real-world uses of drones in agricultural operations and will foster discussion and networking for anyone interested in using drones in their agricultural operation.

7:00 PM Drone Technology: A Tool for Crop Production and Management
– Stephen Komar, ANR Agent /Rutgers SARE Coordinator
7:25 PM Getting Started with Drones: Regulatory Compliance and Other Practical Considerations
– Adam Kyle, Warren Co. Com. College, Teaching Administrator, Precision Agriculture
7:50 PM Trusting the Data: Ground Truthing for Monitoring with Drones
– Michelle Infante-Casella, ANR Agent/Rutgers SARE Coordinator
8:15 PM Questions

TO JOIN THE WEBINAR PLEASE USE THE LINK OR QR CODE

https://go.rutgers.edu/agdrones

Field Trip: Managing Risk on your Agritourism Farm

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Tue, 21 Apr 2026 13:33:40 +0000

Rutgers Snyder Research and Extension Farm

Tuesday, April 28

10.00am – 1.00pm

Register at: https://go.rutgers.edu/ncudh8xr

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/13/2026

Tue, 21 Apr 2026 02:38:20 GMT

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit development resumed rapidly across New Jersey this past week following earlier frost events, with warm temperatures accelerating phenology. While some frost damage may be present in advanced blocks—particularly in southern counties—overall development is progressing quickly and bloom is widespread. A freeze event is expected overnight Monday 4/20 into Tuesday, and temperatures will gradually moderate through the remainder of the week.

In apples, early varieties such as ‘Pink Lady’ are now at full bloom in southern counties, with most other varieties progressing through pink to early bloom across central and northern regions. Bloom is becoming more widespread statewide.

In pears, most varieties are beginning petal fall in southern counties. Asian pears remain slightly more advanced.

Peach and nectarine varieties are close to 100% petal fall in southern counties, with early varieties beginning shuck split. In northern counties, most varieties are at bloom, with some earlier varieties reaching petal fall.

Apples

Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology continues to progress across New Jersey, with development advancing rapidly under recent warm temperatures. Observations indicate that most varieties statewide are at pink bud, while early varieties in southern counties, such as Pink Lady, have entered bloom.

This stage marks a critical transition in disease management, particularly for fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, while also representing an important period for early-season insect management and monitoring.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County	Green Tip	Tight Cluster	Pink Bud	Bloom
Cumberland	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8
Gloucester	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8
Burlington	3/22	3/28	4/2	4/13
Mercer	3/22	3/28	4/2	4/13
Middlesex	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14
Monmouth	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14
Hunterdon	3/22	4/1	4/10	4/17
Morris	3/26	4/4	4/11	4/17
Warren	3/30	4/4	4/13	4/17
Sussex	3/31	4/10	4/14	TBD
Bergen	3/22	4/1	4/4	4/14

Apple Scab

Models

Apple scab infection risk continues to increase as we move through bloom. Models available through NEWA and RIMpro. indicate that ascospore maturity is progressing rapidly, and we are entering a critical period for primary infection.

While conditions have been relatively dry over the past several days, upcoming weather patterns may result in infection events. Growers should continue to monitor forecasts closely and maintain fungicide coverage, particularly during bloom when susceptibility is high.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station

~58% ascospore maturity as of April 15–17
~28% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
Forecasted to reach ~65–75% maturity by April 18–21
Cumulative ascospore discharge forecasted to increase to ~57–58% by April 19–20

Management Considerations

Fungicide applications should be maintained through bloom, prior to predicted infection events.

Programs should prioritize control of fire blight, apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, especially in blocks at full bloom or entering petal fall.

Recommended Programs

Protectant + single-site tank mix:
- Mancozeb + single-site fungicide (use reduced rate when tank mixing)
FRAC 3 (DMI fungicides):
- Rally, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, Cevya
- Provide strong activity on scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust

FRAC 7 fungicides:
- Fontelis, Miravis, Sercadis
- Effective for scab and mildew, but limited rust activity
- Reserve Aprovia for summer bitter rot programs (max 4 applications)
FRAC 9 or FRAC 1 fungicides:
- Vangard, Scala, Topsin
- Useful for scab, but do not control cedar apple rust
Rotation of Kasugamycin, Streptomycin and Oxytetratracycline for fire blight
- Kasumin is only labeled for bloom and petal fall applications
- Streptomycin and oxytetracycline are labeled for post bloom use (note that Fireline 45 only allows for 1 postbloom application on apple).
- The addition of Actigard, Apogee/Kudos, or other plant defense elicitors may improve control.

Monitor:

NEWA models
Weather/wetting events
Phenology

Insect Update

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Ambrosia Beetle

Significant flight activity has been observed across New Jersey, with high trap captures reported in multiple counties.
Activity is increasing in all regions.
Continue monitoring activity closely, particularly in stressed, declining, or newly planted blocks, which remain most susceptible.
Growers should remain alert, as peak flight activity typically coincides with warm temperatures during bloom.

Mating Disruption Timing

Codling moth (CM) mating disruption should be deployed by bloom (pink–early bloom timing is ideal).
Most counties are now at bloom, and applications should be completed immediately if not already done.

Key Reminders

Apply on a 3–7 day interval during bloom, tightening ahead of rain
Powdery mildew can develop under dry conditions
Do not tank mix Captan with oil due to phytotoxicity risk
Rotate FRAC groups and preserve FRAC 11 fungicides for summer use

Pears

Pear Phenology Update

Pear development has progressed rapidly across New Jersey, with warm temperatures accelerating bloom.

Most European pear varieties are now early-petal-fall in southern counties.

Asian pear varieties remain slightly more advanced, with many blocks in southern counties moving through late bloom into early petal fall, and northern plantings at full bloom to late bloom.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity continues to be variable across southern New Jersey, though pressure remains generally low to moderate in most orchards. Earlier oil applications, particularly where combined with materials such as Esteem, have likely helped suppress early populations.

Gloucester County: None observed
Salem County: Adults observed
Burlington County: No activity observed to date
Mercer County: No activity observed to date

As orchards move through petal fall, psylla populations are expected to increase with continued warm temperatures.

At Petal Fall:

Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and early nymph hatch
Use beating trays to assess adult activity
Examine developing shoots and leaf undersides for eggs and emerging nymphs

Management Considerations:

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting early nymph stages
Timing is critical—applications shortly after egg hatch provide the most effective control
Prioritize blocks with historically high pressure or current egg presence

Recommended Petal Fall Options:

Movento – excellent systemic control of psylla, scale, and aphids (use with a spreading-penetrating adjuvant to improve efficacy)
Also effective options at petal fall: Actara, Assail, Belay, Centaur, Sivanto Prime, and Agri-mek

Management should focus on targeting newly hatched nymphs, as this stage is the most susceptible and critical for preventing population buildup.

Pear Diseases

Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pear orchards move through petal fall, the primary bloom infection period is wrapping up; however, fire blight risk remains elevated under warm conditions. Bacteria can still spread to young tissues, particularly during periods of rain, wind, or rapid growth.

At Petal Fall and Post-Bloom:

Continue to monitor forecasts using NEWA for any late infection or trauma blight risk
Discontinue streptomycin use after petal fall (not labeled beyond this stage)
Kasumin may be used up to petal fall, but should not be applied afterward
Focus on protecting actively growing shoots, especially during warm, wet, or stormy conditions

Management Considerations:

Watch for trauma events (hail, wind, heavy rain), which can trigger infections
Maintain awareness in blocks with a history of fire blight
Be prepared to transition to post-bloom management strategies if conditions remain favorable

Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling continues to indicate that ascospore availability remains high, and infection risk persists during wetting events. As trees move beyond bloom, maintaining coverage remains critical to prevent primary infections.

At Petal Fall:

Maintain protective fungicide coverage, especially ahead of rainfall
Apply prior to wetting events, as infections occur during leaf wetness periods
If ≥2 inches of rainfall occurs after an application, consider reapplication to maintain coverage

Recommended Options:

Protectants: Mancozeb, Ziram, Ferbam
Resistance-risk materials: Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super, Vangard (tank mix with protectant)

Summary

Most pear varieties across southern New Jersey are now at petal fall, with some blocks moving into early post-bloom stages; northern counties remain at full bloom to late bloom.
Asian pear varieties remain slightly more advanced, with many blocks at petal fall.
Pear psylla pressure remains low to moderate, likely due in part to prior oil applications, particularly where combined with Esteem.
Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, with a focus on targeting early nymph hatch.
Growers should continue scouting for adults, eggs, and newly hatched nymphs to guide post-bloom management decisions.
Recent and forecasted wetting events continue to support pear scab infection risk, and fungicide coverage should be maintained.
Fire blight risk remains elevated, particularly under warm conditions; monitor for trauma events and late infection risk.
Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions and tree growth will be critical over the next 7–10 days as post-bloom disease and insect pressure develop.

Peaches

Peach Phenology

Figure 1. Peach at shuck split in Gloucester County, NJ.

Peach and nectarine development has progressed rapidly across New Jersey, with warm temperatures accelerating bloom and early fruit set.
Most varieties in southern counties are now at petal fall to early shuck split (Figure 1), while northern counties are at full bloom, with some earlier varieties at petal fall.
Development is expected to continue advancing quickly under continued warm conditions, with southern blocks moving further into early fruit development stages over the next week.

Brown Rot

Blossom blight risk declines as orchards move through petal fall; however, infections can still occur on remaining blossoms and young fruitlets under favorable conditions.

Infection is favored during wetting periods between 41–86°F, with optimal conditions in the mid-70s, and risk remains elevated during extended wet periods. Fruitlets remain susceptible until shuck split, when natural resistance begins to increase.

Management Considerations

Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall
Focus on protecting young fruitlets, particularly in blocks with a history of brown rot
If prolonged wetting occurred during bloom, ensure continued protection post-bloom
Rotate fungicide chemistries to reduce resistance risk

Recommended Petal Fall / Early Cover Materials

Effective options:
- Indar, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Flint Extra
Additional options:
- Rovral (prior to petal fall timing only)
- Captan (useful in cover sprays)

Notes:

Many of the most effective materials (FRAC 7, 11, 3) also play key roles in pre-harvest brown rot control—plan rotations accordingly
Avoid over-reliance on any single FRAC group
Abound and Quadris Top are highly effective, but are phytotoxic to apples—do not use if the same sprayer is used across crops

Petal Fall / Early Cover Considerations:

Peach scab:
- Apply Flint Extra or Abound at petal fall for anti-sporulant activity in high-pressure blocks
Bacterial spot:
- Begin protection at petal fall in susceptible blocks using copper or Mycoshield, especially under warm, wet conditions
Rusty spot:
- Programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application

Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

OFM traps are active across southern New Jersey, with biofix set for April 7 in South NJ and April 15 for most counties in North NJ.

Degree-day accumulation should be tracked from this date to properly time first-generation management. The first insecticides for first generation Oriental Fruit Moth control should be applied at 170-200 degree days (base 45 deg F) after biofix. This timing generally coincides with petal fall in peaches. Do not apply insecticides until all bloom is off regardless of degree day timing. No Insecticides for OFM should be needed where Mating Disruption is implemented.

As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for first cover applications targeting OFM larvae. Timings can be calculated using the degree day calculator at the NEWA website by choosing the weather station nearest your farm, entering the biofix date as the start date, and choosing base 45 in the “degree day type” menu.

Keep in mind that plum curculio is also active at petal fall so an insecticide that targets both pests should be selected.

OFM 1^st Generation Timing
		Insecticide Type
County/Region	Degree Days by 4/19 base 45	Conventional 170-200, 350-375	Diamide 100-150, 300-350
Gloucester – Southern	178	1^st –4/18-4/23 2^nd –	1^st –past 2^nd –
Middlesex – Northern	101	1^st –4/27-4/29 2^nd –	1^st – 4/19-4/25 2^nd –

Scale

Delayed dormant oil applications are complete for most orchards.
Continue monitoring historically infested blocks and plan for crawler management later in the season if populations persist.

Green Peach Aphid

GPA colonies begin forming sometime during bloom. Examine trees for the presence of colonies from pink to shuck split.
Continue scouting as terminals expand and colonies begin to establish.
Count the number of colonies on ten trees and use a treatment threshold:
- Nectarines: 1 colony per tree
- Peaches: 2–3 colonies per tree

Petal Fall Considerations

Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall

Target key pests including:
- OFM (timed by degree-days from biofix)
- Plum curculio
- Tarnished plant bug and other catfacing isnects
- Green peach aphid

Early applications should focus on preventing the establishment of first-generation pests, particularly in blocks with a history of pressure

Recommended Petal Fall Options

OFM / Leafrollers:
- Altacor, Delegate, Besiege, Voliam Flexi
Plum Curculio / Catfacing Insects:
- Imidan, Avaunt, Actara, pyrethroids (e.g., Warrior II, Lambda-Cy)
Green Peach Aphid:
- Assail, Actara, Admire Pro

Summary

Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are now at petal fall to early shuck split, while northern counties are at full bloom.
Development has progressed rapidly under recent warm temperatures and will continue advancing quickly with favorable weather.
Brown rot risk remains present, particularly during wetting events, with young fruitlets susceptible through shuck split.
Maintain fungicide coverage through petal fall and into early cover, especially ahead of rainfall.
OFM biofix was set for 4/7 for southern counties and 4/15 for northern counties, and growers should continue tracking degree-day accumulation to time first-generation management.
Insecticide applications can resume at petal fall, targeting key pests including OFM, plum curculio, and green peach aphid.
Delayed dormant oil timing has passed; focus should shift to in-season insect monitoring and management.
Continue scouting for green peach aphid, with treatment thresholds of 1 colony/tree in nectarines and 2–3 colonies/tree in peaches.
Continued scouting and timely applications will be critical over the next 7–10 days as crop development and pest pressure increase.

SALEM COUNTY AGRONOMY TWILIGHT MEETING-1 (May 1, 2026)

Ramandeep Kumar Sharma — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 18:41:17 +0000

SALEM COUNTY AGRONOMY TWILIGHT MEETING-1

Date & Time: May 1, 2026 | 5:00 PM – 7:30 PM
(Program starts at 5:00 PM; please arrive a few minutes early)

Location: Rutgers Cooperative Extension Office, 51 Cheney Rd., Woodstown, NJ 08098

Registration:
Call: 856-769-0090
Email: molly.english@salemcountynj.gov

Credits Approved:

CORE: Basic Safety and Handling: 02
1A: Agricultural Plant: 02
10: Demonstration & Research: 02
PP2: Private Applicator: 02

Topics & Speakers:

The 3R’s of Pesticide Use: Resistance, Rotation, and Regulation
Speaker: Janine Spies, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
The Endangered Species Act Changes to Pesticide Labels
Speaker: William J. Bamka, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Nitrogen from Air to Soil using Sunlight
Speaker: Joseph R. Heckman, Rutgers University
Agronomist’s Field Guide to Drought Resilience
Speaker: Ramandeep Sharma, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

Imbibitional Chilling Injury Risk in Corn

Ramandeep Kumar Sharma — Mon, 20 Apr 2026 17:27:31 +0000

Corn planting is underway across New Jersey (NJ), and early-season weather will strongly influence stand establishment. After a sharp temperature drop from unusually warm conditions earlier in April, the state is now experiencing a highly variable spring pattern with alternating cool and brief warm periods, followed by a gradual shift toward more stable spring conditions into early May. Across NJ, conditions also vary by region, with South Jersey generally experiencing warmer daytime temperatures but still prone to colder nighttime lows in inland areas, Central NJ showing moderate conditions with typical spring day–night temperature swings, and Northwest NJ (Highlands) remaining cooler overall with slower spring warming and delayed soil temperature recovery.

Why This Matters Now

As planting continues across the region, the current cool and fluctuating conditions increase the risk of imbibitional chilling injury. This risk is greatest where soils are saturated, poorly drained, or high in residue, as these conditions slow soil warming and prolong seed exposure to cold water during early imbibition. Imbibitional chilling injury occurs when corn seed absorbs cold water (generally in soils <50°F) during the first 24–48 hours after planting, leading to membrane damage, poor germination, uneven emergence, abnormal seedlings.

Weather Outlook and Implications (All temperature ranges discussed below are based on Weather25.com long-range forecast data for NJ)

April 20–22: Cold stress dominates early establishment window. Imbibitional Injury Risk Index: 9–10/10 (Very High Risk). Across much of NJ, conditions are predicted to remain cool with highs ~50–55°F inland (slightly warmer near coast) and lows ~30–40°F inland (mid-30s to low 40s near coast). Soil temperatures are predicted to remain low and slow to recover due to repeated cold nights following planting. This is the highest-risk period for imbibitional chilling injury, particularly in freshly planted corn where rapid water uptake occurs under cold conditions.

April 23–28: A brief warming event is predicted on April 23 (near upper 60s°F highs in southern/central NJ) followed by cooler and variable conditions through April 28 (upper 40s to upper 50s°F nights and mid-50s to low 60s°F highs). This pattern creates thermal instability in the seed zone, which is especially problematic because seeds may begin imbibition during warm periods, followed by cooling that slows metabolic recovery, resulting in uneven emergence and stand variability

April 29–May 4: Transition to more stable spring conditions. Imbibitional Injury Risk Index: 1–3/10 (Low Risk). Temperatures are predicted to become more seasonally stable across NJ with highs (upper 50s to low/mid-60s°F early, increasing toward upper 60s°F by early May), lows (upper 40s to low 50s°F). Soil temperatures begin accumulating heat more consistently, improving germination rate, emergence uniformity, and early vegetative growth stability. Risk of new imbibitional injury becomes minimal, although earlier planted fields may still show residual stand variability from early cold stress.

Management Guidance

Avoid planting ahead of cold rain events or extended cool periods, especially when soil temperatures are below ~50°F
Prioritize well-drained fields with lower residue for early planting
Use hybrids with strong seedling vigor and cold tolerance in early planting windows
Seed treatments may help reduce disease pressure but do not prevent imbibitional chilling injury
Evaluate stands after full emergence before making replant decisions

Take-Home Message

With planting underway, NJ is experiencing a critical early-season transition from cool, high-risk conditions to more stable spring temperatures. The period from April 20–22 poses the greatest risk for imbibitional chilling injury, while conditions gradually improve after April 23 and become largely favorable by late April into early May. Careful timing of planting relative to soil temperature and rainfall events will be key to achieving uniform stand establishment.

Farm Safety Needs Assessment Closing May 1

Kate Brown — Fri, 17 Apr 2026 00:00:02 +0000

The Rutgers Farm Health and Safety Working Group is conducting a survey to evaluate the priority needs of New Jersey farmers for training and resource development related to safety and health. As a New Jersey farmer, you are invited to complete this survey by Friday, May 1, 2026. Click here to access the survey and learn more.

Participation in this research study is voluntary. If you choose to participate by completing the survey, you will be asked to respond to questions about priority hazards for educational outreach as well as personal preparedness for emergencies, motivations and barriers for improvement, and interest in specific trainings and services. The survey takes approximately 10-15 minutes to complete and no information that can identify you will appear in any professional presentation or publication. Responses are anonymous.

April 28th Evening Webinar: Using Drones in Agriculture

Michelle Infante-Casella — Wed, 15 Apr 2026 14:22:22 +0000

Using Drones in Agriculture
Free Webinar
Date: April 28, 2026
Time: 7:00-8:30 PM

A 3-year USDA Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Grant was awarded to a team of Agricultural Agents at Rutgers to study the use of drones in agriculture. Please join this team on Tuesday, April 28th at 7:00PM to learn about their work and the use of drones for agriculture. This program will highlight research projects, and real-world uses of drones in agricultural operations and will foster discussion and networking for anyone interested in using drones in their agricultural operation.

7:00 PM Drone Technology: A Tool for Crop Production and Management – Stephen Komar, ANR Agent /Rutgers SARE Coordinator
7:25 PM Getting Started with Drones: Regulatory Compliance and Other Practical Considerations – Adam Kyle, Warren Co. Com. College, Teaching Administrator, Precision Agriculture
7:50 PM Trusting the Data: Ground Truthing for Monitoring with Drones – Michelle Infante-Casella, ANR Agent/Rutgers SARE Co-Coordinator
8:15 PM Questions

To Join, please click the Zoom link below.
https://rutgers.zoom.us/j/95326725115?pwd=6JefhuSGbbBqjWdmDbKLXZ7exEr3la.1

This event is sponsored by a grant awarded by the USDA, Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education Program.

For questions contact Stephen Komar, Agricultural Agent and NJ SARE Coordinator via email at komar@njaes.rutgers.edu

Field Corn Planting Depth – New Jersey Quick Guidance

Ramandeep Kumar Sharma — Tue, 14 Apr 2026 14:14:26 +0000

As corn planting gets underway across New Jersey with improving soil temperatures and field conditions, achieving a uniform stand remains critical for protecting yield potential. Planting depth plays a key role in ensuring even emergence and strong early growth.

Recommended Practices

Aim for a planting depth of 1.5 to 2.0 inches under most conditions
In dry surface soils (common in sandy South Jersey fields), planting can be adjusted slightly deeper, up to 2.5 inches, to reach moisture
Ensure consistent depth across the field for uniform emergence
In cool or wet spring conditions, consider staying closer to 1.5 inches to avoid delayed emergence

Points to Avoid

Avoid planting shallower than 1 inch, which can lead to poor root development and drought sensitivity
Avoid planting deeper than 2.5 inches, especially in cool soils, as emergence may be delayed
Avoid inconsistent planting depth, which often results in uneven crop stands
Avoid placing seed in dry soil without moisture contact

Key Message

Consistent planting depth, generally 1.5 to 2.0 inches in New Jersey conditions, helps ensure uniform emergence, which is the foundation for strong yield potential.

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 4/06/2026

Sun, 12 Apr 2026 11:20:28 GMT

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

While tree fruit phenology seemed to advance rapidly late last month into early April across New Jersey, temperatures dropped below freezing overnight early in the week, slowing development and prompting frost warnings, negatively impacting advanced crops and cultivars in bloom. Warmer temperatures are forecast for the weekend and into next week, resuming and accelerating rapid development. It is also important to note that NJ remains under a NJ Department of Environmental Protection Drought Warning, and the entire state is currently in a moderate drought or abnormal dryness according to the US Drought Monitor.

In apples, most varieties have reached pink bud across the state, with early varieties such as Pink Lady now entering bloom in southern counties. In pears, most varieties are at bloom statewide, with Asian pears remaining slightly more advanced. Peach and nectarine varieties have reached full bloom in southern counties and pink in most northern counties, with some early varieties in southern counties beginning to enter petal fall.

Apples

Apple Phenology Update

This stage marks a critical transition in disease management, particularly for apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, while also representing an important period for early-season insect management and monitoring.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County	Green Tip	Tight Cluster	Pink Bud	Bloom
Cumberland	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8
Gloucester	3/22	3/28	4/3	4/8
Burlington	3/22	3/28	4/2	TBD
Mercer	3/22	3/28	4/2	TBD
Middlesex	3/22	4/1	4/4	TBD
Monmouth	3/22	TBD	4/4	TBD
Hunterdon	3/22	TBD	TBD	TBD
Morris	3/26	TBD	TBD	TBD
Warren	3/30	TBD	TBD	TBD
Sussex	3/31	TBD	TBD	TBD
Bergen	3/22	4/1	TBD	TBD

Figure 1. Pink Lady apple variety in Gloucester County entering bloom on 04/06/2026. Photo by Katrina DeWitt.

Apple Scab

Models

Apple scab models are available through NEWA and RIMpro. Current models indicate that ascospore maturity is increasing rapidly, with infection risk expected to rise significantly as we move through bloom. While no major infection events are currently forecast for the next several days, growers should continue to monitor the weather closely and maintain fungicide coverage

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station

~40% maturity on April 8
~42% maturity on April 9
~28% cumulative ascospore discharge to date
Forecasted to reach ~48–59% by April 10–15

Management Considerations

As apples progress from pink through bloom, maintaining fungicide coverage is critical, as ascospore maturity and discharge increase rapidly during this period. Growers should select fungicides that protect against apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, particularly in susceptible varieties and southern counties where bloom is underway.

Keep in mind that powdery mildew favors warm, dry conditions and does not require rainfall for infection, while cedar apple rust management becomes increasingly important from pink through bloom.

Recommended fungicide programs include:

Mancozeb + single-site fungicide tank mix (use half-rate mancozeb when tank mixing with resistance-risk fungicides)
FRAC 3 fungicides (DMI), including Rally, Procure, Indar, Inspire Super, Topguard, or Cevya for strong activity against scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust
FRAC 7 fungicides, including Fontelis, Miravis, or Sercadis for scab and mildew control, though these provide limited/no cedar apple rust activity (Aprovia should be saved for bitter rot management later in the season since it is limited to 4 applications per season)
FRAC 9 fungicides, including Vangard or Scala for scab suppression, though ineffective on cedar apple rust
FRAC 1 fungicides, including Topsin, though ineffective on cedar apple rust

Important Notes:

Mancozeb remains highly effective for apple scab and cedar apple rust but does not control powdery mildew.
Avoid combining Captan with oil products due to the risk of phytotoxicity.
Consider saving some FRAC 11 materials for summer disease programs to assist with resistance management.

Monitor:

NEWA models
Weather/wetting events
Phenology

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Insect Update

Ambrosia Beetle:

The first flight of the ambrosia beetle has been detected in southern New Jersey.
There has been minimal activity observed further north at this time.
Continue monitoring traps closely, particularly in stressed, declining, or newly planted blocks, as beetle activity is expected to increase with continued warming temperatures.

Mating Disruption Timing:

Codling moth (CM) mating disruption should be applied around pink.
Growers should begin preparing materials and planning applications now.

Summary

Apple phenology continues to progress rapidly across New Jersey, with most varieties at tight cluster to pink bud and early southern varieties entering bloom.

This stage marks a critical period for disease management, particularly for apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, as well as key insect monitoring timings.

Apple scab ascospore maturity has increased to approximately 40–42% and is forecasted to reach 48–59% over the next week, increasing overall infection risk as bloom progresses.

No major infection events are currently forecast, but growers should continue to monitor the weather closely and maintain fungicide coverage ahead of rain events.

Fungicide programs should target apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, with materials selected based on orchard phenology and disease pressure.

Southern counties entering bloom should maintain cedar apple rust protection and continue scouting for early-season insect activity.

Pears

Pear Phenology Update

Pear phenology has advanced rapidly across southern New Jersey over the past week. Observations indicate that most European pear varieties are now in full bloom, with orchards progressing quickly under recent warm temperatures.

Asian pear varieties remain slightly more advanced, with most blocks also at full bloom or moving toward late bloom in the earliest plantings.

Figure 2. Bloom. Asian pear variety phenology. Gloucester County, NJ. Photo by Katrina DeWitt.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity has remained variable across southern New Jersey. Observations from April 7 indicate differences by county:

Gloucester County: None observed
Burlington County: No activity observed to date
Mercer County: No activity observed to date

Overall pressure remains relatively low in many orchards. This is likely due, in part, to recent oil applications, particularly where oil was combined with materials such as Esteem, which can suppress egg laying and early population development.

At this stage (full bloom):

Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and the onset of nymph hatch
Use beating trays to assess adult activity
Examine developing shoots and leaves for egg presence

Management considerations:

Do not apply insecticides during bloom due to pollinator protection restrictions.
Continue scouting to monitor psylla population development and identify blocks where pressure may increase rapidly.
Prepare for petal fall applications targeting early nymph hatch, as this timing is critical for effective suppression.

Recommended post-bloom / petal fall options include:

Movento – excellent activity on pear psylla and aphids
Agri-Mek / Gladiator / Minecto Pro – strong knockdown where higher pressure exists
Delegate / Danitol / Warrior II / Lambda-Cy – additional options where adult populations remain elevated
Centaur / Sivanto Prime – softer alternatives for moderate pressure situations

Management should focus on targeting newly hatched nymphs shortly after petal fall, when control is most effective.

Pear Diseases

Fire Blight and Early Season Management

With pear orchards now in full bloom across southern New Jersey, fire blight risk is increasing significantly. Forecasted warm temperatures for next week, combined with moisture, create favorable conditions for bacterial multiplication, spread, and blossom infection.

During bloom:

Monitor weather closely and use forecasting models, such as NEWA, to track infection periods.
Apply bactericides when the first blossoms open, and repeat every 3–7 days during bloom as needed, based on weather/infection risk.
Streptomycin (Agri-Mycin/FireWall/Streptrol) remains a primary option for blossom blight protection.
Kasumin may also be used through petal fall.
Oxytetracycline products (Mycoshield/FireLine) may be rotated to manage resistance.
Rotate chemistries, when possible, to reduce resistance development.

Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling for pear scab in Upper Deerfield indicates that infection risk has increased, with multiple infection periods observed in recent days and additional ascospores still available. Current modeling suggests that the inoculum remains available and that conditions continue to favor infection during wetting events.

At bloom:

Maintain protective fungicide coverage throughout bloom, especially ahead of forecasted rainfall.
Effective protectant options include Mancozeb, Ziram, or Ferbam.
Effective resistance-risk materials include Procure, Cevya, Flint, Merivon, Luna Sensation, Inspire Super, or Vangard (tank-mixed only).
Applications should be made prior to rainfall/wetting periods, as infections occur during wet conditions.
If 2 inches or more of rainfall occurs following an application, consider a follow-up spray to maintain coverage.

Additional Considerations:

Continue programs targeting pear scab, Fabraea leaf spot, and powdery mildew during bloom.
Asian pear blocks may require particularly close attention, as they often progress slightly ahead of European pears and may be more susceptible during bloom.

Summary

Most pear varieties across southern New Jersey are now at full bloom, with Asian pears generally slightly more advanced.

Reduced pressure in some blocks is likely due to prior oil applications, particularly where oil was combined with Esteem.

No insecticide applications should be made during bloom to protect pollinators.

Growers should continue scouting for adults, eggs, and early nymph hatch to prepare for post-bloom management decisions.

Recent rainfall and wetting events have increased disease pressure, particularly for pear scab and fire blight.

Protective fungicide programs should be maintained throughout bloom, with reapplication considered following 2 inches or more of rainfall.

Fire blight risk is increasing significantly during bloom, and growers should be prepared to apply antibiotics during infection periods if favorable conditions persist.

Continued scouting and close monitoring of weather conditions will be critical over the next 7–10 days as bloom progresses and disease/insect pressure increases.

Peaches

Peach Phenology

Peach and nectarine phenology have advanced rapidly across New Jersey over the past week. Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern counties are now in full bloom while northern counties are at pink, with some early varieties in southern New Jersey beginning to enter petal fall. Development is progressing quickly under recent warm temperatures.

Brown Rot

Blossom infections from the brown rot fungus can occur whenever pistils are exposed, and favorable environmental conditions are present.

Infections can occur during any wetting period when temperatures are between 41 and 86°F, with optimal infection when wetting periods coincide with mid-70s temperatures. During extended wetting periods, blossoms may become infected regardless of temperature.

Blossoms and fruitlets remain susceptible until the pistil desiccates, which typically occurs between petal fall and shuck split.

Management Considerations

Maintain fungicide coverage throughout bloom and petal fall, particularly ahead of wetting periods favorable for blossom blight infection.
If favorable weather persists, a third blossom blight spray may be warranted, noting some products are only labeled for two bloom applications.
Fungicides used during bloom should be rotated appropriately for resistance management and should not overly rely on chemistries intended for later pre-harvest brown rot control.

Recommended Bloom-Stage Materials:

Vangard, Flint Extra, Inspire Super, Luna Sensation, or Rovral
Bravo Weather Stik (through shuck split only)
Fontelis, Indar, Luna Experience, Merivon, Pristine, Cevya, Orius, and Tilt are other rotational options but these should be saved to target brown rot at the pre harvest stage as these products all have a 0-day PHI
Rally is also effective but consider saving this product to target rusty spot
While Abound and Quadris Top are very effective to control this disease, they are highly phytotoxic to apples and should not be used if you are using the same sprayer on apples and peaches

Petal Fall / Early Cover Considerations:

Where peach scab has historically been problematic, Flint Extra at petal fall is advised for anti-sporulant activity.
For highly susceptible cultivars, warm/wet springs, or blocks with a history of bacterial spot, begin bacterial spot protection at petal fall with materials such as copper or Mycoshield.
Rusty spot programs should begin at petal fall, with Rally commonly used as the first application.

Insect Update

Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM)

OFM traps were deployed this week in southern New Jersey counties.
Biofix for Oriental Fruit Moth was set to April 7, 2026, by Dr. Anne Nielsen.
Growers utilizing degree-day models should begin tracking accumulation from this date to properly time future management applications.

Scale:

Delayed dormant oil timing has now passed for most blocks.
Growers should continue monitoring historically infested blocks and prepare for crawler management later in the season if pressure persists.

Green Peach Aphid:

Continue scouting for green peach aphid colonies as terminals begin developing.
Treatment thresholds remain:
- 1 colony per tree in nectarines
- 2–3 colonies per tree in peaches

Bloom/Petal Fall Considerations

Avoid insecticide applications during bloom to protect pollinators.
As blocks move through petal fall, growers should begin preparing for upcoming petal-fall insect management timings based on OFM degree-day accumulation.

Summary

Most peach and nectarine varieties in southern New Jersey are now at full bloom, with some early southern varieties beginning to enter petal fall.
Development has progressed rapidly under recent warm temperatures and will continue advancing quickly with favorable weather.
Brown rot infection risk remains present whenever blossoms are exposed under wet conditions, particularly between 41–86°F.
Blossoms and young fruit remain susceptible until pistil desiccation, typically between petal fall and shuck split.
Fungicide coverage should be maintained through bloom and petal fall, particularly ahead of wetting periods favorable for blossom blight infection.
OFM traps were deployed this week in southern counties, and biofix has been established as April 7, 2026.
Growers should begin tracking degree-day accumulation from biofix to prepare for upcoming OFM management timings.
The delayed dormant oil timing has passed for most blocks, and focus should shift to in-season insect monitoring.
Continue scouting for green peach aphid, with treatment thresholds of 1 colony/tree in nectarines and 2–3 colonies/tree in peaches.
Avoid insecticide applications during bloom to protect pollinators.
Continued scouting and timely applications will be critical over the next 7–10 days as phenology and pest pressure continue to progress.

North Jersey Tree Fruit and Vegetable Twilight Meeting

Wed, 08 Apr 2026 20:54:15 GMT

North Jersey Tree Fruit and Vegetable Twilight Meeting

Supported by

New Jersey Vegetable Growers Association

April 30, 202

4:30 PM-7:30 PM

Ort Farms

25 Bartley Rd.

Long Valley, NJ 07853

4:15 PM – Registration and Tour of Farmers Market

4:30 PM – Wagon Tour of the Farm

5:00 PM – Light Dinner (Sponsored by NJ Vegetable Growers Association)

5:30 PM – Proper Pesticide Handling, Personal Protective Equipment and Record Keeping

Janine Spies PhD, State Fruit IPM Program Leader, Rutgers NJAES

6:00 PM – Tree Fruit Insect and Disease Update

Kaitlin Quinn, North Jersey Tree Fruit IPM Program Associate, Rutgers NJAES

6:30 PM – Key Management Decisions to Minimize Disease, and Pest Pressure while Enhancing Yield in Strawberry Production

Peter Nitzsche, Agriculture and Natural Resources Agent I, Rutgers NJAES

7:00 PM – Managing Thrips in Vegetable Crops

Amanda Quadrel, North Jersey Vegetable IPM Senior Program Coordinator, Rutgers NJAES

The following pesticide recertification credits will be awarded

1 Unit CORE 3 Units 1A 3 Units 10 3 Units PP2

Please RSVP for the meeting by April 27 with a call to:

Kim Crommelin at 908.788.1338 or kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

How Recent Fertilizer Price Increases Affect Your Per-Acre Costs

Seowoo Sophie Lee — Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:09:33 +0000

Recent increases in fertilizer prices, especially for nitrogen-based inputs, are raising production costs. This article summarizes recent price trends in our region and provides a simple worksheet for you to calculate your own cost of production.

1. Increase in recent fertilizer prices

March 30 vs. Mid-February

Urea: +40%
Liquid nitrogen 32%: +29%
DAP (18-46-0): +5%
MAP (11-52-0): +5%
Potash: +3%

March 2026 vs. March 2025

Urea: +38%
Liquid nitrogen 32%: +53%
DAP (18-46-0): +4%
MAP (11-52-0): +8%
Potash: +4%

2. Translating fertilizer prices into production costs

Fertilizer prices are typically reported in dollars per ton, but farmers apply fertilizer in pounds per acre. To translate market prices into on-farm costs, the price per ton is first converted to a price per pound by dividing by 2,000 (the number of pounds in a ton). This per-pound price is then multiplied by the application rate (in pounds per acre) to calculate fertilizer cost per acre.

Fertilizer cost per acre = fertilizer price per ton / 2000 * application rate.

You can find a worksheet to calculate your total fertilizer costs on the Rutgers Farm Management website (Link here).

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 3/30/2026

Sat, 04 Apr 2026 14:03:12 GMT

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit phenology is progressing across New Jersey, with development in southern counties remaining slightly advanced and northern regions beginning to catch up. Overall, the 2026 season is showing a more compressed phenology window than typical. Warm temperatures this week significantly advanced phenology.

In apples, most varieties have reached tight cluster across the state, with early varieties in southern counties at pink bud. In pears, most varieties are at early white bud to popcorn, with Asian pears more advanced and approaching bloom. Peach varieties have reached pink bud across New Jersey, with nectarines near or in bloom in South Jersey.

Apples

Apple Phenology Update

Apple phenology continues to progress across New Jersey. Observations indicate that northern counties are primarily at tight cluster, while southern counties are at pink bud in early varieties.

This stage marks a critical transition in disease management, particularly for apple scab, powdery mildew, and cedar apple rust, as well as key insect management timings.

Phenology Dates by County (earliest varieties)

County	Green Tip	Tight Cluster	Pink Bud
Cumberland	3/22	3/28	4/3
Gloucester	3/22	3/28	4/3
Burlington	3/22	3/28	4/2
Mercer	3/22	3/28	4/2
Middlesex	3/22	4/1	TBD
Monmouth	3/22	TBD	TBD
Hunterdon	3/22	TBD	TBD
Morris	3/26	TBD	TBD
Warren	3/30	TBD	TBD
Sussex	3/31	TBD	TBD
Bergen	3/22	4/1	TBD

Figure 1: Pink Lady apple variety in pink bud. Gloucester County, NJ. Photo by Katrina DeWitt

Apple Scab

Models

Apple scab models are available through NEWA and RIMpro. These models currently indicate that ascospore maturity is increasing and will continue to rise rapidly over the next several days. Apply fungicides before infection events.

Current Update using the Upper Deerfield Station

~13% maturity on April 1
~15% on April 2
Forecasted to reach 25–40% by April 4–8

Management Considerations

Now that we have reached the tight cluster stage, it is important to select fungicides that target both apple scab and powdery mildew. Manzate is ineffective against powdery mildew. Keep in mind that powdery mildew prefers warm, dry conditions and does not require rainfall to infect. For farms in southern counties that have reached pink stage, it is important to begin targeting cedar apple rust. Manzate is effective against cedar apple rust.

Manzate + single-site fungicide
DMI (FRAC 3) for high pressure
Vangard (FRAC 9; not effective on cedar apple rust)
FRAC 7 (save Aprovia for summer; not effective on cedar apple rust)
Axios (great for scab and powdery mildew; novel FRAC 52)
FRAC 11 (save for summer)
Topsin (limited uses; consider saving for summer; FRAC 1; not effective on cedar apple rust)

Monitor:

NEWA models
Weather/wetting events
Phenology

Early control is critical to avoiding season-long pressure.

Insect Update

Ambrosia Beetle:

Ambrosia beetles have been detected in Burlington, Salem, Gloucester, and Middlesex counties
Activity has not yet been observed further north at this time
Observed activity is low and is not a concern

Continue monitoring traps, particularly in stressed or newly planted blocks, as activity may increase with warming temperatures.

Mating Disruption Timing:

Codling moth (CM) mating disruption should be applied around pink
Growers should begin preparing materials and planning applications now

Summary

Apple phenology is progressing across New Jersey, with northern counties at tight cluster and southern counties at pink bud in early varieties
This stage marks a critical period for apple scab and powdery mildew management, as well as key insect timings
Apple scab ascospore maturity is increasing (~13–15%) and is forecasted to reach 25–40% over the next several days, increasing infection risk
Fungicide applications should be applied prior to infection events, with materials selected to target both scab and powdery mildew
In southern counties at pink, begin targeting cedar apple rust

Pears

Pear Phenology Update

Pear phenology has advanced rapidly across southern New Jersey over the past week. Observations made on April 2 indicate that most European pear varieties are now at early white bud, following cluster separation but prior to petal show, with some blocks progressing into popcorn stage.

Asian pear varieties are more advanced, with many blocks at popcorn stage and approaching bloom.

Figure 2. White bud/popcorn. Asian pear variety phenology. Salem County, NJ. Photo by Katrina DeWitt.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity has been variable across southern New Jersey. Observations from April 2 indicate differences by county:

Salem County: adults and eggs observed
Gloucester County: none observed
Burlington County: no activity observed to date
Mercer County: no activity observed to date

At this stage (white bud to popcorn):

Continue monitoring for adults, eggs, and the onset of nymph hatch
Use beating trays to assess adult activity
Examine developing shoots and leaves for egg presence

Management considerations:

In blocks without prior applications, or where psylla is present, consider a pre-bloom insecticide application
Consider applying particle films such as dormant oil or Surround to deter egg laying
With pre-bloom insecticide applications, softer materials should be used to avoid harming pollinator or beneficial insect populations
In blocks where adults are present at low pressure, insecticide options include Esteem (up to 2 applications 14 days apart), Centaur, or Aza-Direct
In blocks where adults are present at high pressure (more than 4 adults per beating tray), insecticide options include Apta, Assail, or AgriMek
Insecticides should be applied prior to bloom, as use during bloom is restricted due to pollinator protection

As bloom approaches (particularly in Asian pears):

Avoid applications that may impact pollinators
Management focus will shift to early nymph control post-bloom

Pear Diseases

Fire Blight and Early Season Management

As pears approach bloom, fire blight risk will increase significantly, especially given the recent wet conditions and continued rainfall through the weekend. These conditions are favorable for bacterial spread and infection.

As bloom approaches:

Begin planning for antibiotic applications, particularly if warm and wet conditions persist
Kasumin may be used at bloom and petal fall
Streptomycin and oxytetracycline remain key options, particularly post-bloom
Rotate chemistries to support resistance management

Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling for pear scab in Upper Deerfield has indicated low infection risk to date, but conditions are rapidly becoming more favorable for infection.

The primary infection model shows maturing ascospores present and available, with multiple wetting events occurring from late March through early April. These rain events are driving spore release and infection potential, with additional infection periods forecasted in the coming days.

From white bud to popcorn:

Protective fungicide programs should now be in place and maintained, particularly ahead of rain events
Applications of mancozeb or ziram tank-mixed with Procure, Cevya, or Vangard are effective options for scab control
Applications should be made prior to rainfall events, as infections occur during wetting periods
If 2 inches or more of rainfall occur following an application, a follow-up spray should be considered to maintain protection

As we move toward bloom:

Continue programs targeting pear scab, rust diseases, and Fabraea leaf spot
Particular attention should be paid to Asian pear varieties, which are further advanced and at greater risk

Summary

Observations from April 2 indicate most European pears are at early white bud, with some at popcorn stage
Asian pears are at popcorn and approaching bloom
Pear psylla activity remains variable across counties, with adults and eggs observed in Salem County
Reduced pressure in some blocks is likely due to oil applications, with or without Esteem
Where oil was not applied, or psylla is present, pre-bloom insecticide applications should be considered
Insecticide applications must be completed prior to bloom to protect pollinators
Recent and continued rainfall is increasing disease pressure, particularly for pear scab and fire blight
Fungicide programs should be actively maintained, with reapplication needed after significant rainfall (2 inches or more)
Fire blight risk will increase rapidly as bloom approaches, so antibiotic programs should be prepared

Continued scouting is critical over the next 7–10 days as phenology and pest pressure accelerate.

Peaches

Peach Phenology

Peach varieties across New Jersey were observed at the pink bud stage this week. Nectarines are more advanced, with the majority observed near or in bloom in South Jersey. Development is progressing steadily and will continue as temperatures warm.

Brown Rot

Blossom infections from the brown rot fungus can occur whenever pistils are exposed, and favorable environmental conditions are present.

Infections can occur during any wetting period when temperatures are between 41 and 86°F. Optimum conditions occur with wetting and temperatures in the mid-70s. During extended wetting periods (several days or more), blossoms can be infected regardless of temperature. Infections under suboptimal conditions are generally less severe.

Blossoms and fruitlets remain susceptible until the pistil desiccates, which occurs sometime between petal fall and shuck split.

Management Considerations

Fungicides used for control at the blossom blight stage should not overlap with fungicides used in the pre-harvest stage of brown rot
Try to save fungicide options with low pre-harvest intervals for later in the season
Bravo Weather Stik + single-site fungicide
Vangard (applied at pink stage)
Rovral (applied at full bloom)
Flint Extra (applied at petal fall)

Initiate coverage for blossom blight starting at pink for short-petaled varieties and at 5–10% bloom for showy flowers. Refer to the NJ Commercial Tree Fruit Production Guide for recommended materials and rates.

Insect Update

Mating Disruption Timing:

Oriental fruit moth mating disruption should be applied at pink
Growers should begin preparing materials and planning applications now

Scale:

Oil applications may be safely applied up to pink on peach
Oil can be applied alone or in combination with insecticides, including Centaur, Sivanto Prime, and Esteem

Green Peach Aphid:

Scouting should begin at pink stage
Thresholds for treatment are 1 colony/tree in nectarines or 2–3 colonies/tree in peaches

Summary

Observations indicate peaches are at pink bud across New Jersey, with nectarines more advanced and approaching or in bloom in South Jersey
Development is progressing steadily and will accelerate with warming temperatures
Brown rot infection risk is present whenever blossoms are exposed under wet conditions, particularly between 41–86°F
Blossoms remain susceptible through petal fall to shuck split
Fungicide programs should be initiated at pink to early bloom, depending on flower type, while avoiding overlap with pre-harvest materials
Oriental fruit moth mating disruption should be applied at pink; growers should prepare materials now
Oil applications for scale can be made up to pink and may be tank-mixed with labeled insecticides
Green peach aphid scouting should begin at pink, with treatment thresholds of 1 colony/tree in nectarines and 2–3 colonies/tree in peaches

Continued scouting and timely applications will be critical over the next 7–10 days as phenology advances.

Apple Scab Update

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 21:45:34 GMT

Apple Scab Update

Apple scab models are currently forecasting potential infection periods from March 31st-April 2nd. This is based on a green tip date of March 22nd which was observed across the state aside from the most northern counties. Conditions may be optimal for further scab infection events on April 5th-6th. Model outputs are most accurate within 48-72 hours of the date in question,which should be kept in mind when making management decisions. It will be critical for growers to keep an eye on the models to make timely management decisions for optimal disease control. If you have recently applied copper, you will be covered for this infection period. Other effective options include Manzate at 3 lb/A + Syllit at 1.5 pt/A or Manzate at 3 lb/A + Vangardat 3-5 oz/A.

NEWA

The Network for Environment and Weather Applications (NEWA) offers forecasting models for numerous disease and insect pests on a variety of crops including apple scab. This model allows you to select your own weather station or one closest to your farm to get real time information on when apple scab infections may occur. This allows you to make informed management decisions and apply effective fungicides prior to an infection event, which is the ideal timing for optimal disease control. Once you have selected your weather station, you can enter the date you noted green tip on your earliest variety (this will be 3/22 for the majority of NJ this year).

First, you will see the ‘Ascospore Maturity Summary’ chart. This will give you information on ascospore maturity, daily ascospore discharge, and cumulative ascospore discharge. Right now, the most important number to pay attention to is the daily ascospore discharge. The higher the daily ascospore discharge, the more severe the infection event will be. If the daily ascospore discharge is greater than 10%, there will be a significant scab infection event and fungicides should be applied prior to this event for management. If the daily discharge is above 20%, there will be an extreme infection event, and the most efficacious fungicides (DMI + Manzate) should be applied before the infection for control.

The next chart will be the ‘Infection Events Summary’. This will tell you if the weather conditions are optimal for apple scab infection. It includes weather data and tells you if there will be an infection event with the readouts ‘Yes’, ‘Combined’, or ‘No’. This information should be compared with the daily ascospore discharge to determine what efficacy of fungicide should be used for a given infection period.

Apple Scab Management Considerations

If you have not applied copper yet, it should be applied before this upcoming potential infection period March 31st-April 2nd

Copper applied after ½” green can cause phytotoxicity and fruit finish concerns

If you have already applied copper, since this is a low-risk infection period, Manzate at 3 lb/A + Syllit at 1.5 pt/A or Manzate at 3 lb/A plus Vangard at 3-5 oz/A would be sufficient management options

Keep in mind, powdery mildew control begins at tight cluster and cedar apple rust control begins at pink

The DMI fungicides should be saved for tight cluster and later timings since they are some of the best options for powdery mildew and cedar apple rust

Salem County Agronomy Twilight Meeting-1 (May 1, 2026)

Ramandeep Kumar Sharma — Mon, 30 Mar 2026 17:24:04 +0000

SALEM COUNTY AGRONOMY TWILIGHT MEETING-1

Date & Time: May 1, 2026 | 5:00 PM – 7:30 PM
(Program starts at 5:00 PM; please arrive a few minutes early)

Location: Rutgers Cooperative Extension Office, 51 Cheney Rd., Woodstown, NJ 08098

Registration:
Call: 856-769-0090
Email: molly.english@salemcountynj.gov

Credits Applied For:

CORE: Basic Safety and Handling
1A: Agricultural Plant
10: Demonstration / Research
PP2: Private Applicator
11: Animal (Livestock) Pest Control

Topics & Speakers:

The 3R’s of Pesticide Use: Resistance, Rotation, and Regulation
Speaker: Janine Spies, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
The Endangered Species Act Changes to Pesticide Labels
Speaker: William J. Bamka, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Nitrogen from Air to Soil using Sunlight
Speaker: Joseph R. Heckman, Rutgers University
Agronomist’s Field Guide to Drought Resilience
Speaker: Ramandeep Sharma, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

Fruit IPM Updates Week of 3/23/26

Fri, 27 Mar 2026 19:37:05 GMT

Tree Fruit Phenology Update

Tree fruit phenology is progressing across New Jersey, with development in southern counties remaining slightly advanced and northern regions beginning to catch up. Overall, the 2026 season is showing a more compressed phenology window than typical. Cooler weather this weekend should help slow development.

In apples, green tip for Pink Lady was observed around March 22 across both southern and some northern regions, with Honeycrisp following around March 26. In pears, swollen buds were observed around March 11, with green clusters reaching by March 26 in southern New Jersey. Peach varieties in southern New Jersey were observed at the swollen bud stage this week.

Apples

Green Tip Dates by County

County	Green Tip Date (earliest varieties)
Cumberland	3/22
Gloucester	3/22
Burlington	3/22
Mercer	3/22
Middlesex	3/22
Monmouth	3/22
Hunterdon	3/22
Morris	TBD
Warren	TBD
Sussex	TBD
Bergen	TBD

Apple Scab

Models

Apple scab models are available through NEWA and RIMpro. Apply fungicides before infection events when discharge exceeds thresholds (10–20%).

Current Update

~2% ascospore maturity (March 25)
~7% by March 31
~10% by April 1
Low cumulative discharge (~1–4%)

Management Considerations

Copper can be applied now but avoid after ½” green.

Manzate + single-site fungicide
DMI (FRAC 3) for high pressure
Vangard (FRAC 9)
FRAC 7 (save Aprovia)
Axios (save for later)
Syllit (avoid if resistance)
FRAC 11 (save for summer)
Topsin (limited uses)

As we move toward tight cluster:

Rapid ascospore increase
Higher infection risk with rain

Monitor:

NEWA models
Weather/wetting events
Phenology

Early control is critical to avoid season-long pressure.

Scouting Calendar

Use as a scouting guide only (not for spray timing).

Green tip: March 22–26
Ascospore maturity: 2–7% increasing

Key Points

Minimal difference between North and South Jersey
Green tip ~March 22
Prepare for scab infection events
Build fungicide rotation now

Pears

Pear Phenology Update

Pear phenology is progressing, with swollen buds observed around March 11 and green clusters observed on March 26 in southern New Jersey.

Pear Psylla

Pear psylla activity has begun in southern New Jersey, with variability across counties:

Salem County: adults and eggs observed
Gloucester County: eggs observed
Burlington County: no activity observed to date

These observations indicate that egg laying is underway in the southernmost regions and will likely progress north with warming temperatures. Reports from surrounding regions also suggest psylla activity is increasing.

At this stage:

Continue monitoring for eggs and early nymphs
Use beating trays to assess adult activity
Examine buds and developing shoots for egg presence

Dormant oil applications should be applied where possible to deter psylla egg laying and suppress early populations. Timely applications are especially important in areas where activity has already been observed.

At green cluster:

Oil is often combined with an insecticide to target migrating adults
In lieu of oil, particle films such as Surround may be used starting at swollen bud and continuing through bloom

Materials such as Esteem, Centaur, and Sivanto Prime may also be incorporated, depending on timing and pressure.

Figure 1. Adult pear psylla laying eggs at swollen bud. Photo by Janine Spies.

Pear Diseases

Fire Blight and Early Season Management

Dormant copper applications should be applied for fire blight and pear scab suppression, but no later than green tip if fruit russet is a concern. Where copper has already been applied, early-season risk is likely reduced.

As bloom approaches:

Begin planning for antibiotic applications
Kasumin may be used at bloom and petal fall
Other options include streptomycin and oxytetracycline for post-bloom use

Rotating chemistries is important for resistance management.

Pear Scab

RIMpro modeling for pear scab in Upper Deerfield indicates low infection risk at this time, with infection values remaining below threshold levels. Despite recent wetting events, limited ascospore maturity is restricting infection potential.

Growers who have applied dormant copper are likely adequately protected under current conditions. Protective fungicide programs should begin at the cluster bud stage, particularly as we approach tighter cluster and bloom, when risk will increase.

Materials such as Ziram or EBDC formulations provide effective protection. At white bud, include materials effective against pear scab, rust diseases, and Fabraea leaf spot. Particular attention should be paid to rust on Asian pear varieties.

Dormant urea applications may also be used, where appropriate, to help reduce overwintering inoculum.

Summary

Pear psylla activity has begun in southern New Jersey, with adults and eggs observed in Salem County and eggs in Gloucester County
Dormant oil applications should be applied to suppress egg laying and early populations
Copper applications should be completed by green tip where russet is a concern
Pear scab risk is currently low based on RIMpro modeling
Fungicide programs for pear scab should begin at cluster bud as risk increases
Dormant urea may be used to reduce overwintering inoculum

Continued scouting will be important over the next 1–2 weeks as both insect and disease pressure increase with advancing phenology.

Peaches

Peach Phenology

Peach varieties in southern New Jersey were observed at the swollen bud stage this week. Development is progressing steadily and will advance with warming temperatures.

Figure 2. Peach Swollen Bud. Photo by Janine Spies.

Brown Rot

Blossom infections from the brown rot fungus can occur whenever pistils are exposed and favorable environmental conditions are present.

Blossoms and fruitlets remain susceptible until the pistil desiccates, which occurs sometime between petal fall and shuck split.

Scale Insects

Oil applications may be safely applied up to pink on peach.

Oil can be applied alone or in combination with insecticides including Centaur, Sivanto Prime, and Esteem.

Visit to Clover Valley Farm – April 11

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Mon, 23 Mar 2026 04:00:20 +0000

Field trip to Clover Valley Farm

Saturday, April 11, 10am

SOUTH JERSEY CALIBRATION GROWERS MEETING

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 01:02:26 GMT

March 25, 2026
2:30 pm – 6:00 pm
Rutgers Agricultural Research & Extension Center
121 Northville Road
Bridgeton, NJ

Program

Program Chair
Janine Spies, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Statewide Program Leader in Fruit IPM

2:30 – Registration

3:00 – Welcome and Introductions

3:15 – Airblast Sprayer Calibration Techniques
Chris Lovenduski, Central Jersey Equipment

4:15 – Early season management in peaches
Anne Nielsen PhD, Professor & Extension Specialist in Entomology

4:45 – Light fare & refreshments (Pre-registration required)

5:00 – Coverage Counts: How to make the most of a pesticide application
Karly Regan PhD, Certis Biologicals

5:30 – Pesticide Safety and Regulations for Specialty Crops
Janine Spies PhD, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

6:00 – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn. Attendees must be present for the entire program in order to apply for NJDEP credits.

THE FOLLOWING NJDEP PESTICIDE RECERTIFICATION CREDITS WILL BE AWARDED

4 CAT-10 4 CAT-1A 3 CAT-3A 4 CORE 4 PP2

Click here to register: South Jersey Calibration Event Registration – Fill out form

PRE-REGISTRATION BY March 18, 2026

Registration cost per person is $10. Cash or check (made payable to Rutgers The State University) will be collected at the door.

If you have any questions please contact Janine Spies: (352)-231-6330, janine.spies@rutgers.edu

NORTH JERSEY CALIBRATION GROWERS MEETING

Mon, 16 Mar 2026 01:01:14 GMT

March 24, 2026
2:30 pm – 6:00 pm
Snyder Research & Extension Farm
140 Locust Grove Road
Pittstown, NJ

Program

Program Chair
Janine Spies, Rutgers Cooperative Extension
Statewide Program Leader in Fruit IPM

2:30 – Registration

3:00 – Welcome and Introductions

3:15 – Airblast Sprayer Calibration Techniques
Chris Lovenduski, Central Jersey Equipment

4:15 – Importance of Calibration for Optimal Pest Control and Resistance Management
Kaitlin Quinn, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

4:45 – Light fare & refreshments (Pre-registration required)

5:00 – Coverage Counts: How to make the most of a pesticide application
Karly Regan PhD, Certis Biologicals

5:30 – Pesticide Safety and Regulations for Specialty Crops
Janine Spies PhD, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

6:00 – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn. Attendees must be present for the entire program in order to apply for NJDEP credits.

THE FOLLOWING NJDEP PESTICIDE RECERTIFICATION CREDITS WILL BE AWARDED

4 CAT-10 4 CAT-1A 4 CAT-3A 5 CORE 4 PP2

Click here to register: North Jersey Calibration Event Registration – Fill out form

PRE-REGISTRATION BY March 18, 2026

Registration cost per person is $10. Cash or check (made payable to Rutgers The State University) will be collected at the door.

If you have any questions please contact Kim Crommelin: (908)-788-1338, kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

Networks to Reduce Risk Field Trip – April 11

Claudia Gil Arroyo — Tue, 10 Mar 2026 19:21:12 +0000

Field trip to Clover Valley Farm

Saturday, April 11, 10am

Early Season Tree Fruit Pest Control in 2026

Thu, 05 Mar 2026 22:01:06 GMT

Dormant Oil Sprays: In recent growing seasons, San Jose scale and white peach scale populations have been causing increasing amounts of damage. These pests create a superficial spotted injury caused by crawler stage feeding on the skin of apples and peaches, making the fruit unmarketable. In severe infestations, heavy crawler populations feeding on the sap of tree limbs can cause severe dieback. Scale overwinter on the limbs of trees asimmature crawlers under their protective waxy covering. In the spring when temperatures begin to rise, they respire through this covering. Dormant oil sprays are your first line of defense as they work to coat the protective covering of the scale and prevent respiration. Dr. Anne Nielsen’s lab found that another effective option at the delayed dormant timing is Centaur at 34.5 oz/A.

European red mite is another pest of concern that can be targeted at this stage. These mites feed on the foliage of tree fruit causing a bronzing symptom. Feeding from this pest can reduce fruit quality and tree vigor. European red mites overwinter in orchards as eggs. These eggs begin to hatch just prior to pink through bloom in apples. Dormant oil efficacy improves the closer you are to egg hatch for this pest so an application should be timed for green tip-half inch green in apple.

Pear psylla typically become active and begin laying eggs in NJ in mid-late March. Nymph stage pear psylla feed on the sap of pear trees and excrete honeydew which causes black sooty mold on fruit making it unmarketable. This pest also injects a toxin into the leaves as it feeds causing the leaves to blacken and eventually leads to defoliation. Dormant oil works to deter pear psylla from laying eggs and acts as a first line of defense against this pest.

Proper coverage with dormant oil is essential for it to work properly. Due to this, dormant oil should be applied as a full block spray instead of alternate row middle. It is important to ensure your sprayer is properly calibrated and that you are using a sufficient spray volume. Dr. Brett Blaauw from the University of Georgia found that 100 gal/A is a sufficient volume for coverage IF the trees are properly pruned prior to the dormant oil application (see University of Georgia factsheet). It is possible to achieve almost 100% coverage by making multiple dormant oil applications. This strategy is optimal because it also allows you to target both scale and mites at their optimal timings. One application can be made early on when temperatures first begin to rise above 51°F to target scale and a second application can be made between green tip and ½” green to target mites and continue controlling scale. An oil application at ½” green combined with Esteem at 4-5 oz/A will also provide control of aphids including wooly apple aphid. Wooly apple aphid populations have been becoming more prevalent in NJ apple orchards in recent years, likely due to dry end of summer conditions and pyrethroid use flaring populations. The first place this pest will begin to pop up will be pruning cuts so be sure to keep an eye out as the season progresses since early action is critical for effective control.

Dormant oil application rates depend on the phenological stage and the crop you are spraying. Typically, oil is recommended at a 2% rate or 2 gallons of dormant oil per 100 gallons of spray mix. You can perform concentrated sprays of 6 gallons of dormant oil per 100 gallons of spray mix in pome fruit based on the dilute volume of 300 gallons per acre (amount generally considered to cover a mature semi dwarf apple to the point of drip). In stone fruit, a concentrated spray would include 4 gallons of dormant oil per 100 gallons of spray mix based on the dilute volume of 200 gallons per acre (amount generally considered to cover a mature peach tree to the point of drip). Oil can safely be applied up to the pink stage of tree fruit, but the rate should be dropped the closer you get to this stage. For example, in pome fruit a full rate can be applied up to ½” green, this rate should be halved up to tight cluster and then halved again up to pink.

When applying dormant oil, it is important that you do not make an application within 2 days of the temperature dropping below 32°F. Another important consideration is that oil should not be applied within 2 weeks of Captan due to phytotoxicity concerns. There are other insecticides that can be mixed with dormant oils to target these pests; however, results are variable on whether the addition of these insecticides improves efficacy over oil alone.

Dormant Season Copper Sprays: Fire blight can be targeted at the dormant stage using copper as your first line of defense. The copper targets cankers caused by fire blight and reduces the amount of bacterial inoculum present in the field. Early season copper sprays can also be effective against apple scab if some green tissue is present in the bud. Copper should not be applied after ½” green due to concerns with phytotoxicity and fruit russeting. If tank mixing copper with dormant oil, extra precaution should be taken to ensure there is no risk of freezing temperatures since this can exacerbate issues with phytotoxicity and injure the tree.

The bacteria causing fire blight can only survive inside of living tree tissue. The winter is an optimal time to remove infected branches since the sap is not flowing, this reduces the risk of spreading the inoculum to your next cut. Removing the cankers caused by this disease where most of the bacteria are surviving will reduce your inoculum levels and make this disease easier to manage during the spring. It is a good practice to flag limbs that were infected with fire blight in the previous season to make the cankers easier to find when it comes time to prune. Pruning crews should be trained to look for sunken, dark, cracked areas on the tree bark that may be cankers. A knife can be used to peel away the tree bark to confirm the presence of the canker. If it is in fact a canker, the sapwood will be brown. You can continue peeling the bark away until you find the margin of the canker where the sapwood is still healthy and green. The pruning cut should be made at least 8 inches below the canker to ensure no inoculum is left behind in the tree. All canker prunings should be removed from the orchard since they can still act as a source of inoculum if left behind on the orchard floor.

If peach leaf curl was not targeted in the late fall at leaf drop, a fungicide application is also effective in the late winter prior to bud swell. Copper, Ziram, and Bravo (Chlorothalonil) are the most effective options at this timing.

Dormant Season Urea Sprays: Dormant season urea sprays are an extremely effective tool to reduce inoculum in orchards with high apple scab pressure. These sprays help to break down the leaf litter more quickly, which isessential for orchard sanitation and reduction of foliar disease inoculum. Urea applications are most effective if applied after leaf drop in the fall, but if you didn’t have a chance to make the application, it is not too late! Urea can be applied to leaf litter in the late winter or early spring using an airblast sprayer with nozzles pointed towards the ground or a boom sprayer at a rate of 40 lb/A in 100 gallons of water. A flail mower can also be used to chop leaf litter,which allows it to decompose more quickly. By using these methods, you can reduce your apple scab inoculum by 80% or more, which will make management easier and more effective during primary scab infection.

South Jersey Calibration Grower Meeting

Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:44:10 GMT

March 25, 2026

2:30 pm – 6:00 pm

Rutgers Agricultural Research & Extension Center

121 Northville Road, Bridgeton, NJ

Program

2:30 PM – Registration

3:00 PM – Welcome and Introductions

3:15 PM – Airblast Sprayer Calibration Techniques

Chris Lovenduski, Central Jersey Equipment

4:15 PM – Early season management in peaches

Anne Nielsen PhD, Professor and Extension Specialist in Entomology

4:45 PM – Light fare & refreshments (pre-registration required)

5:00 PM – Coverage Counts: How to make the most of a pesticide application

Karly Regan PhD, Certis Biologicals

5:30 PM – Pesticide Safety and Regulations for Specialty Crops

Janine Spies PhD, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

6:00 PM – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn

NJDEP Pesticide Recertification Credits are anticipated.

Registration cost per person: $10.

Cash or check (made payable to Rutgers The State University) will be collected at the door.

Pre-register by Thursday March 19.

Click here to register: South Jersey Calibration Event Registration – Fill out form

Program Chair: Janine Spies, Agriculture and Natural Resources County Agent III, Statewide Program Leader in Fruit IPM

If you have any questions please contact Janine Spies: (352) 231-6330, janine.spies@rutgers.edu

North Jersey Calibration Grower Meeting

Thu, 05 Mar 2026 21:43:45 GMT

March 24, 2026

2:30 pm – 6:00 pm

Clifford E. & Melda C. Snyder Research & Extension Farm

140 Locust Grove Road Pittstown, NJ

Program

2:30 PM – Registration

3:00 PM – Welcome and Introductions

3:15 PM – Airblast Sprayer Calibration Techniques

Chris Lovenduski, Central Jersey Equipment

4:15 PM – Importance of Calibration for Optimal Pest Control and Resistance Management

Kaitlin Quinn, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

4:45 PM – Light fare & refreshments (Pre-registration required)

5:00 PM – Coverage Counts: How to make the most of a pesticide application

Karly Regan PhD, Certis Biologicals

5:30 PM – Pesticide Safety and Regulations for Specialty Crops

Janine Spies PhD, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

6:00 PM – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn

NJDEP Pesticide Recertification Credits are anticipated.

Registration cost per person: $10.

Cash or check (made payable to Rutgers The State University) will be collected at the door.

Click here to register: North Jersey Calibration Event Registration – Fill out form

Pre-register by Wednesday March 18.

If you have any questions please contact Kim Cromelin: (908) 788-1338, kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

Program Chair: Janine Spies, Agriculture and Natural Resources County Agent III, Statewide Program Leader in Fruit IPM

Produce Safety Rule Training Part of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)

Thu, 19 Feb 2026 20:53:23 GMT

When: Tuesday, March 17, 2026, from 9:30-4:30 PM.

Where: Rutgers Cooperative Extension of Mercer County, 1440 Parkside Ave., Ewing, NJ 08638

Cost: $100.00 (lunch included) as part of registration process you will ask to pay by card. Online ticket Sales end on Friday, March 6, 2026. If paying after the deadline or in person payment must be by check made out to Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey

To sign up and information: https://rutgers.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_2tP1FhE34sviJv0

Who Should Attend

Fruit Growers
Vegetable Growers
Growers who have farms that fall under the Produce Safety Rule
Growers who have farms that do not fall under the rule but will in the future.

Benefits of Attending the Workshop

Individuals who participate in this course will gain a basic understanding of:

Requirements in the FSMA Produce Safety Rule and how to meet them.
Fulfills the requirement for at least one supervisor from a farm to complete food safety training at least equivalent to the standardized curriculum recognized by the FDA.
Microorganisms relevant to produce safety.
Where microorganisms may be found on the farm
How to identify microbial risks, practices that reduce risks and how to begin implementing produce safety practices on the farm.
Parts of a farm food safety plan and how to begin writing one
Cleaning and Sanitizing

Areas Covered Under the Produce Safety Alliance Grower Training:

Introduction to Produce Safety
Worker Health, Hygiene and Training
Soil Amendments
Wildlife, Domesticated Animals and Land Use
Agricultural Water (Part I: Pre Harvest Water; Part II: Postharvest Water)
Postharvest Handling and Sanitation
How to Develop a Farm Food Safety Plan

After attending the entire course and submitting the appropriate survey to their trainer at the end of the course, participants will be eligible to receive a certificate from the Association of Food and Drug Officials (AFDO) that verifies they have completed the training course. This course fulfills the FSMA Produce Safety Rule training requirement for at least one supervisor per farm is trained by an FDA-recognized Produce Safety Alliance curriculum.

Does your farm fall under the FSMA PSR? Find out at the link below.
https://rutgers.ca1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_4IagP1mbPyrp42N

North Jersey Commercial Vegetable Growers Meeting Program and Registration

Wed, 18 Feb 2026 20:29:07 GMT

NORTH JERSEY COMMERCIAL
VEGETABLE GROWERS MEETING

March 11, 2026
8:30 am – 3:00 pm

Harvest Hall, Alstede Farms
100 Route 24
Chester, NJ 07930

Program

Program Chair
Peter Nitzsche, Agriculture and Resource Management Agent
Cooperative Extension of Morris County

8:30 – Registration
Continental breakfast compliments of industry sponsors

9:00 – Welcome and Introductions

9:10 – Vegetable IPM Update
Amanda Quadrel, Senior Program Coordinator – Vegetable IPM, Cooperative Extension

9:40 – Developing a Targeted Worker Training Program for Produce Safety
Meredith Melendez, ANR Agent, Cooperative Extension of Mercer County

10:10 – Update on Farm Service Programs
Kristen Lake, County Executive Director, Farm Service Agency

10:20 – Jersey Fresh Marketing Update
Christine Fries, Coordinator of Agricultural Marketing, Division of Markets, NJ Dept. of Agriculture

10:30 – Strawberry Disease Management: How Environment Changes the Game
Nancy Sharma, Specialist in Fruit Pathology, Cooperative Extension

11:00 – Resistance Management and the Pesticide Label – What You Need to Know
Kate Brown, ANR Agent, Cooperative Extension of Somerset County

11:30 – What is New from Industry

11:40 – Next-Generation Weed Management Innovative Solutions for Specialty Crop Productions
Thierry Besancon is an Extension Specialist in Weed Science for Specialty Crops

12:10 – LUNCHEON (pre-registration required)

1:00 – Updates on Disease Control in Vegetable Crops
Andrew Wyenandt, Specialist in Vegetable Pathology, Cooperative Extension

1:30 – Update on Rutgers/NJAES Agrivoltaics Crops Research
Daniel Ward, Associate Research Professor, Dept. of Plant Biology, NJAES

2:00 – New and Emerging Vegetable Pests
Patricia Prade, Extension Entomologist, Penn State Extension

2:30- Specialty Winter Squash for NJ Growers
David Hlubik, ANR Agent, Cooperative Extension of Burlington County

3:00 – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn. Attendees must be present for the entire program in order to apply for NJDEP credits

NJDEP PESTICIDE RECERTIFICATION CREDITS ARE ANTICIPATED

North Jersey Veg Meeting Registration 2026 then fax or email to:
Fax: (908) 806-4735
E-mail: kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

PRE-REGISTRATION BY MARCH 4, 2026 REQUIRED FOR LUNCH

Directions:
Harvest Hall, Alstede Farms 100 Route 24, Chester, NJ 07930
Look for the Harvest Hall sign at the entrance to the driveway.
The entrance to the Harvest Hall driveway is directly across the street from Chubb Park ~¼ mile east of the farmstand.

If you have any question please call Kim Crommelin: (908)-788-1338

North Jersey Commercial Fruit Grower Meeting Program and Registration

Wed, 18 Feb 2026 20:28:02 GMT

NORTH JERSEY COMMERCIAL
FRUIT GROWERS MEETING

March 4, 2026
8:30 am – 4:00 pm
Hunterdon County Complex
314 State Route 12, Bldg. 1
Flemington, NJ
Program

Program Chair
Megan Muehlbauer, PhD
Agriculture and Resource Management Agent
Cooperative Extension of Hunterdon County

8:30 – Registration
Continental breakfast compliments of industry sponsors

8:50 – Welcome and Introductions

9:00 – NJDEP’s Pesticide Safety and Regulations
Spencer Kerkhof, Environmental Specialist Pesticide Compliance & Enforcement NJDEP

10:00 – Ambrosia Beetles: How to Manage Them in Tree Fruit Orchards
Monique Rivera PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech

11:00 – Mycorrhizal Fungi Applications and their Effect on Soil Biology and Tree Health
Megan Muehlbauer PhD, Hunterdon County Agricultural Agent, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

11:30 – Update on Farm Service Programs
Laura LaFevre, County Executive Director, Hunterdon / Somerset Office, Farm Service Agency

11:45 – Jersey Fresh Marketing Update
Joe Atchison III, Assistant Secretary, NJ Dept. of Agriculture
Christine Fries, Coordinator of Agricultural Marketing, NJ Dept. of Agriculture

12:00 – LUNCHEON (pre-registration required)

12:50 – What is New from Industry

1:00 – Peach Variety Updates
Hemant Gohil PhD, Gloucester County Agricultural Agent, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

1:30 – Management Strategies for Scale in Tree Fruit
Anne Nielsen PhD, Extension Specialist in Entomology, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

2:00 – Season Summary and Updates from the Tree Fruit IPM Program
Janine Spies PhD, Agricultural Agent in Fruit IPM, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

3:00 – The Bitter Reality of Bitter Rot in NJ
Kaitlin Quinn North Jersey Fruit IPM Program Associate, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

3:30 – Disease management strategies in apple and peach orchards
Nancy Sharma PhD, Specialist in Fruit Pathology, Rutgers Cooperative Extension

4:00 – Pesticide Recertification Credits and Adjourn. Attendees must be present for the entire program in order to apply for NJDEP credits.

THE FOLLOWING NJDEP PESTICIDE RECERTIFICATION CREDITS WILL BE AWARDED

4 CAT-10 4 CAT-1A 2 CORE 4 PP2

North Jersey Fruit Meeting Registration 2026 then fax or email to:
Fax: (908) 806-4735
E-mail: kfrey@co.hunterdon.nj.us

PRE-REGISTRATION BY February 26, 2026 REQUIRED FOR LUNCH

If you have any questions please call Kim Crommelin: (908)-788-1338

Registration Open: Mid Atlantic Grain Fair & Conference (March 16, Malvern PA)

Ramandeep Kumar Sharma — Tue, 17 Feb 2026 19:43:03 +0000

Exciting Opportunities at the 2026 Mid‑Atlantic Grain Fair & Grain Conference!

As a supporter of regional grains and local food systems, I’m thrilled to share that the Mid‑Atlantic Grain Fair & Grain Conference is coming March 15–16, 2026 in Pennsylvania! This two-day event brings together farmers, bakers, millers, brewers, distillers, and enthusiasts to learn, connect, and celebrate.

Get involved:

● Be a Grain Fair Vendor (March 15): Showcase your products and connect with a family-friendly audience at the Rodale Institute. Spots are still open! Apply here: Mid-Atlantic Grain Fair at the Rodale Institute

● Exhibit at the Conference (March 16): Highlight your business or organization to attendees from across the grain value chain. Apply here: 2026 Mid Atlantic Grain Conference — Common Grain Alliance

● Volunteer & Save on Registration: Help run the event, meet the community, and enjoy 50% off for one shift, 100% off for 2+ shifts. Sign up here: 2026 Mid Atlantic Grain Conference — Common Grain Alliance

Whether you’re a producer, business, or enthusiast, this is a chance to learn, connect, and be part of the growing Mid‑Atlantic grain movement. Learn more & register → 2026 Mid Atlantic Grain Conference — Common Grain Alliance

Assistance for Specialty Crop Farmers (ASCF) Program: Contact FSA and Reporting Due March 13, 2026

Tue, 17 Feb 2026 16:13:47 GMT

U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke L. Rollins announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is providing $1 billion in Assistance for Specialty Crop Farmers (ASCF) Program assistance for specialty crops and sugar, commodities not covered through the previously announced Farmer Bridge Assistance (FBA) program. These one-time bridge payments will help address market disruptions, elevated input costs, persistent inflation, and market losses from foreign competitors engaging in unfair trade practices that impede exports. Specialty crop producers have until March 13, 2026, to report 2025 acres to USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA).

“President Trump has the backs of our farmers, and today we are building on our Farmer Bridge Assistance program with the Assistance for Specialty Crop Farmers (ASCF) Program. Our specialty crop producers continue to feel the negative effects of four years under the Biden Administration, suffering from record inflation, a depleted farm safety net, and delayed disaster assistance,” said Secretary Rollins. “President Trump and the entire cabinet are working every day to fight bidenflation and lower prices for consumers. If our specialty crop producers are not economically able to continue their operations, American families will see a decrease in the food they rely on, wholesome and nutritious fruits and vegetables. Putting Farmers First is essential to the Make America Healthy Again movement and we are doing both at USDA by expanding market opportunities and improving the farm economy for all producers. Today’s specialty crop announcement builds on our efforts to improve markets for real food into American schools, institutions, and family dinner tables.”

The Assistance for Specialty Crop Farmers Program is authorized under the Commodity Credit Corporation Charter Act and will be administered by FSA.

Eligible Specialty Crops

ASCF-eligible specialty crops include: (A) Almond, Apple, Apricot, Aronia berry, Artichoke, Asparagus, Avocado (B) Banana, Bean (Snap or green; Lima; Dry edible), Beet (Table), Blackberry, Blueberry, Breadfruit, Broccoli (including Broccoli Raab), Brussels Sprouts (C) Cabbage (including Chinese), Cacao, Carrot, Cashew, Cauliflower, Celeriac, Celery, Cherimoya, Cherry, Chestnut (for Nuts), Chive, Citrus, Coconut, Coffee, Collards (including Kale), Cranberry, Cucumber, Currant (D) Date, Dry Edible Beans and Peas* (E) Edamame, Eggplant, Endive (F) Feijou, Fig, Filbert (Hazelnut) (G) Garlic, Gooseberry, Grape (including Raisin), Guava (H) Horseradish (K) Kiwi, Kohlrabi (L) Leek, Lettuce, Litchi (M) Macadamia, Mango, Melon (All Types), Mushroom (Cultivated), Mustard and Other Greens (N) Nectarine (O) Okra, Olive, Onion, Opuntia (P) Papaya, Parsley, Parsnip, Passion Fruit, Pea (Garden; English or Edible Pod; Dry edible), Peach, Pear, Pecan, Pepper, Persimmon, Pineapple, Pistachio, Plum (including Prune), Pomegranate, Potato, Pumpkin (Q) Quince (R) Radish (All Types), Raspberry, Rhubarb, Rutabaga (S) Salsify, Spinach, Squash (Summer and Winter), Strawberry, Suriname Cherry, Sweet Corn, Sweet Potato, Swiss Chard (T) Taro, Tomato (including Tomatillo), Turnip (W) Walnut, Watermelon

*Dry edible beans and peas covered by FBA will not be eligible for ASCF.

ASCF payments are based on reported 2025 planted acres.

Eligible farmers should ensure their 2025 acreage reporting is factual and accurate by 5 p.m. ET on March 13, 2026. Commodity-specific payment rates will be released by the end of March. Crop insurance linkage will not be required for the ASCF Program. However, USDA strongly urges producers to take advantage of the new One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) risk management tools to best protect against price risk and volatility in the future.

More information on ASCF is available online at www.fsa.usda.gov/fba or producers can contact their local FSA county office.

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