Your client’s computer system was broken into by a hacker. An employee accused her supervisor of sexual harassment. A member of the company’s board of directors is suspected of insider trading.

Each of these scenarios—and countless others faced by all types of organizations—can give rise to concerns about criminal action, reputational damage, and costly litigation, among other headaches. But before any action can be taken to correct mistakes or minimize damage, it is important to figure out exactly what happened. This is the role of the all-important internal investigation, and it often falls to outside counsel to spearhead the investigation and ensure its effectiveness. If conducted properly, an internal investigation can prove helpful in handling whatever comes next.