Precious Metals News & Analysis - Gold News, Silver News from Money Metals Exchange

A rough week for metals—and a bigger story beneath it...

Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

Welcome to this week’s Market Wrap Podcast, I’m Mike Gleason.

Coming up in a moment, we have an exclusive interview with Nomi Prins, renowned market commentator, author and founder and CEO of Prinsight Global. Nomi chimes in the recent Federal Reserve rate increase, the first in roughly three years, and argues how rising rates don't directly lower the price of oil or other physical commodities like the Fed may expect or want, but it does make borrowing more expensive for consumers and businesses.

Nomi and Mike Maharrey also discuss how the ever-growing central bank demand for gold continues to show us just how much countries around the world are trying to de-risk themselves from the dollar and provide protection against future geopolitical turmoil. And then how assets like gold and silver are going to become increasingly important as a result of this dynamic.

So, stick around for that and a whole lot more during a fascinating conversation with the highly-respected and well-spoken Nomi Prins, coming up after this week’s market update.

And as a reminder we would be incredibly grateful if you would be willing to like, rate and comment on this podcast wherever you are consuming this content. And please subscribe to this podcast as well. We would be very appreciative, and it would help us grow this podcast even further. So, thank you for doing that!

Gold and silver are ending a choppy week with a reminder that the paper markets can change direction quickly. The larger story, though, is moving at a very different speed. While traders react to every shift in interest rates, the U.S. Treasury is trying to manage those rates, and China is taking delivery of an extraordinary amount of gold.

Let’s start with the price action. Gold finished last week at about $4,390 an ounce, and silver closed near $67. That was a gain for both metals, even after the Federal Reserve raised interest rates. But the strength didn’t carry straight through this week.

Gold slid on Monday and Tuesday, with New York futures finishing Tuesday around $4,339. Silver also lost ground after last week’s stronger showing. Both metals came under additional pressure Thursday as bond yields remained elevated and the dollar firmed. As of this Friday morning recording gold is now trading at $4,297 an ounce, down nearly $100 on the week or 2.1%.

As for silver. the white metal is off $2 or 3.0% to check in at $64.91. Platinum is down 1.4% to trade at $1,788, and finally palladium is off by 2.5% to come in at $1,292 an ounce.

These are moving prices, of course, but the broad picture is clear: last week’s rebound gave way to another bout of selling.

So, what’s weighing on metals? Well, higher interest rates offer investors more income from bonds and cash. That can make an asset like gold, which pays no interest, less appealing to short-term traders.

Silver usually takes an even bumpier ride because it trades as both a monetary metal and an industrial commodity.

Here’s the twist. The same rising bond yields that are pressuring gold have Washington scrambling to push those yields down.

This week, the Treasury announced another $6 billion buyback of older, long-term government bonds. It was the second expanded operation in two weeks.

The idea is simple enough: buying bonds can lift their prices and, in turn, bring their yields down.

But there’s a catch. Treasury pays for the buyback by selling other debt, generally with shorter maturities. In plain English, the government is borrowing to retire some of what it previously borrowed.

Nobody should mistake a $6 billion operation for a cure to America’s debt problem. The bond market is measured in the tens of trillions of dollars. Still, the signal matters.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent has stepped up these operations while the federal government faces more than a trillion dollars a year in interest expense. Last week’s buyback briefly pulled yields lower, but they started climbing again within an hour. Ahead of Thursday’s operation, the 30-year Treasury yield reached about 5.42 percent.

Think about what that means. Washington would like borrowing costs to come down. Bond investors, meanwhile, are demanding higher returns to lend for decades. And every increase in rates makes the government’s enormous debt more expensive to carry.

Does a Treasury buyback mean gold must go up tomorrow? Of course not. Higher yields can hurt gold in the near term, and we’ve seen that this week.

But if the government finds it increasingly difficult to finance its spending without trying to steer the bond market, that raises a deeper question: how much confidence should savers place in an ever-growing stack of government IOUs?

Now look at what’s happening on the other side of the world.

China imported more than 1,100 tonnes of gold in the first eight months of this year, spending about $159 billion, according to Chinese customs data. That’s already more gold than the country imported in all of 2025. For the period covered by the available data, imports are at their highest level since at least 2017.

Why the appetite? Chinese investors have been looking for alternatives to stocks and property. Gold has also commanded a slight premium in China, creating an incentive for more metal to move into the country.

A relatively strong yuan and changes to import licenses helped, too. So, this is a real flow of metal, although the headline number doesn’t tell us that demand will keep rising every single month.

In fact, there are signs of a summer slowdown. Withdrawals from the Shanghai Gold Exchange fell in August, and jewelry demand has remained soft.

At the same time, Chinese gold exchange-traded funds added 11 tonnes during the month. Different parts of the market are sending different signals. The record import pace deserves attention, but it doesn’t make China a one-way bet.

And then there’s the People’s Bank of China. It reportedly adding roughly 20 tonnes of gold to its reserves in August, its 23rd consecutive month of reported purchases. Official gold holdings reached about 2,386 tonnes. That’s another buyer operating on a very different timetable from the trader watching this afternoon’s bond yield.

There’s a connection between these two stories. The United States is trying to keep its borrowing costs under control. China is drawing gold into its market, while its reported holdings of U.S. Treasury debt fell to their lowest level since 2008 in July.

That doesn’t prove every dollar leaving Treasuries is going straight into gold; these are different figures measuring different things. It does show why the global demand for physical metal can matter even when gold has a difficult week in New York.

For American investors, the lesson is to keep the time horizons straight. A rising yield can knock gold or silver down today. A Chinese import surge won’t prevent a sharp selloff next Thursday. But neither of those daily moves settles the longer question of what happens when debt keeps growing and governments become more anxious about the cost of carrying it.

Gold and silver are insurance against risks that don’t disappear because a chart turns red for a few sessions. That’s why the pullback deserves perspective, not panic. Watch whether bond yields continue to defy Treasury’s efforts, and watch whether physical gold demand in China holds up as the year moves into its busy final quarter. Those developments will tell us much more than a single day’s tick on the screen.

Well now, without further delay, and for more on the markets, the economy and the precious metals, let’s get right to our exclusive interview with well-known market commentator and author Nomi Prins.

Mike Maharrey: Greetings. I'm Mike Maharrey, and I'm joined today by Nomi Prins. Nomi has a PhD in international strategic studies with a specialization in an international political economy. To say her resume is impressive would be an understatement. I'm not going to even try to go through everything, but she has a long track record in both government and private sector, finance banking, and she's the author of multiple books, a great speaker and a really good analyst, and I'm excited to speak with her today. How are you doing today, Nomi?

Nomi Prins: I'm great, Mike, and it's always a pleasure to speak with you.

Mike Maharrey: Well, it's exciting to have you here, and there's so much, I guess, craziness. I don't want to use too much hyperbole, but I don't know that craziness is hyperbole in this age. I kind of wanted to start our discussion talking a little bit about the Federal Reserve. Recently had a rate hike last week. We've got a new Fed chair, and gold is really reacting to the mechanizations of the Fed and this anticipation of higher interest rates. I'd like to first just get your overall impression with the Fed, the rate hike, and is the proper response to sell your gold?

Nomi Prins: Well, I think those are excellent questions, Mike, as always. I want to start with the end of that. The proper response to what's going on is absolutely not to sell your gold, it's actually to add more gold. And going back to why and the other points of your question, the reality is a lot of things have been happening since the Iran war broke out. And as we know, right before that happened, gold was at all-time highs around $5,500 an ounce. It subsequently dropped in about two different beats, one beat when the war started, another beat when the reality sunk in that it wasn't going to end quickly. But since then, we've pretty much been in a range. I'll talk about that a bit, but the Fed component of that is that until last week, we did not have a Fed rate hike. We got a new chair in Kevin Warsh.

There was a lot of headlines and conversations as to whether he was really a dove or a hawk based on old things that he did in different positions in the Fed. The reality is he pretty much was neutral if you kind of bounce out his. He did vote for QE and then he said it wasn't a good. There was a lot of things that happened and we've written about the specifics of that, but moving towards today and now, the Fed did vote to raise rates and did last week 25 basis points. Three of the Fed governors had already voted to do that at the prior meeting. And so, this was basically a substantiation of that for I think two reasons. One is that oil prices were above 100. That's literally what I went on record as saying last week. I was in New York doing the rounds on different media and such.

And why is 100 on oil important? Well, of course we saw inflation rise in the beginning of the war, come down as oil prices came down around 80, which is where I think the band will ultimately wind up, and then pop back up as it went to 100 because whether or not those figures or any of the permutations of them strip out energy costs, they're a thing. And so when the Fed looks at inflation, it has to recognize that there are external factors such as oil prices being above 100 psychologically and actually that affect those numbers. Can the Fed impact the price of oil? Absolutely not. Can it impact the price of any physical thing? Absolutely not. But Kevin Warsh in that position can flex its sort of independent muscle and use the fact, say it one more time, that oil prices were above 100 as a reason for the whole committee to effectively agree to raise rates by 25 basis points.

If something positive happens in terms of any form of resolution in the with respect to the US or however that might break down and oil comes back down around 80 / 90, we're going to see inflation prices different. We're going to see the Fed back off and we're going to see the market stop talking about it for a minute. But it's highly contingent on what's going on there. Meanwhile, going back to the end of your question, beginning of my answer, gold has settled I think in a range. I mean yes, it dipped a little bit last week, but effectively it's in a 43, $4,400 range where it's been for much of this period after those initial drops down. And I think that's very healthy because what it shows people coming in, and we just saw second record months, second highest record in gold ETFs in August when there looked like there would be some resolution and oil prices had come back down before they popped back up.

We saw more gold buying in the West through those ETFs, but we also see continued gold buying by central banks. They had their largest quarter on record in the second quarter of this year because they are using gold as a geopolitical, as a trade, as a reserve, as a diversification play and as a sovereignty play. And that's going to continue to happen. So regardless of where treasury yields are, what happens with the Fed, that buying is going to continue. I think the retail buyers that have come back in around 43, 4,400 in August are going to feel good about the levels that they got in at. I think they'll accumulate from those levels. Again, it's a question of what happens with oil inflation in the near term, but gold is very undervalued right now with respect to the demand it has and the reality of its physical scarcity in terms of real high quality, good jurisdiction gold coming into the market and into the hands of active users of gold such as central banks.

Mike Maharrey: It's interesting. Speaking of the war, we saw just recently that the US is planning on using the dollar as kind of a billy club to keep people in line and not support Iranian airlines. It was kind of the specific thing that Bessent was talking about. I'm curious how significant do you think this weaponization of the dollar is having, what kind of effect do you think is it having on these other central bankers who might not be on friendly terms with the US when they look at the way. Is this part of the debasement trade or is that weaponization of the dollar overstated?

Nomi Prins: Well, I think it's stated as the US wants to state it in that they're trying to use the dollar as a club. But that said, the actual reaction to that, and we've seen that in multiple cases, and the most recent, but the sort of new catalyst for the current trend upward in gold prices was what happened after Russia invaded Ukraine and there was a freeze and a sanction on their assets and so forth, and a lot of central banks started buying gold. And then it became more of a common place activity to continue to buy gold, whether or not there was a direct threat or even a potential threat with respect to reserves being held in different countries in the United States or Western governments somehow getting involved in that. It just became more of a reason for central banks to really speed up gold buying programs.

And we, again, continue to see that happen with last quarter's record high gold buying. But also what's interesting is that every time there is this sort of weaponization of the US dollar relative to other countries and US policy, other central banks buy gold. So the direct reaction is for them to buy more gold or to continue with the current buying plans that they have, again, on an individual central bank basis, this differs. But if you look, for example, at one of the largest gold buyers and largest central banks, People's Bank of China, right now they're sitting at all-time lows of treasury bonds. Now, the headline math about treasury yields is you should buy them because they're at 5% and that's really, really high and that's better than gold because gold doesn't return anything. But in actuality, gold prices have doubled in the last two years, even to where we are at today.

They don't pay an interest payment yield, but they pay appreciation, wealth preservation, purchasing poverty, and they're also prices that hold and rise in the wake of scarcity of physical supply. So all of these things are present in gold. And so I think any use of the US government or the US dollar or US treasuries for these purposes has to be examined in light of the counter use of gold.

Mike Maharrey: Yeah, absolutely. There's a couple of directions I want to go. I'm trying to think of what the best way to take this, because I want to talk a little bit more about bonds and bond yields, but I guess before that, let's kind of pivot back to the Fed for a moment. It's interesting that everybody has kind of this foregone conclusion that with oil prices spiking, we're going to see an uptick in inflation, and that's reasonable if you're measuring inflation by the CPI. And yet I don't feel like people are paying as much attention to the other side of this equation, and that's the huge massive debt black hole that's floating out there in the economy. How constrained do you think that the Fed really is in terms of their ability to fight inflation right now, given the levels of debt? They'll never admit it publicly, but are there private conversations that are concerned about this debt level?

Nomi Prins: Yeah, I mean, there's conversations that have to be going on between the Treasury Department and the Federal Reserve. That's one of the reasons that Scott Bessent running the Treasury decided to finally take the first step of something he'd been talking about since he became Treasury Secretary, which is a kind of effective treasury buyback program or quantitative easing program. It's tiny, tiny, tiny. It doesn't make a debt whatsoever at all right now in terms of the debt, but the announcement of it allows for that potential number, the treasury buying back, some of its own debt to happen. Now that said, it's buying back its own debt with its own debt. So it's very circular, but that's exactly what the Fed had been doing with quantitative easing in the wake of the financial crisis, the wake COVID is effectively creating future money and using it to buy current debt.

So basically, the same thing. And so with rates at 5% or so in the 10-year part of the curve, you're talking about higher interest payments that the US government has to make on all the new debt that it's raising. So now that we're over $40 trillion worth of public debt, not all of that's at 5%, but as we've been adding and we have been accelerating the addition of debt to our public till while rates have actually been at higher levels and rising, that means that the United States government is stuck paying more interest on its debt. So, in order to reduce the debt, you have to buy the debt, but in order to buy the debt, you have to basically create debt. So it's a very odd circular way of working, but that's exactly what the treasury I think wants to do more of and what the Fed knows, is it in that quandary?

Yes, because raising rates at 25-basis points a clip, even if that happens, doesn't literally make a dent in the cost of servicing debt, which they know because they're actually at a negative as well in their balance sheet. They have to repatriate funds to the treasury department and they're actually on a negative on that. So their own balance sheet's a complete mess and it's been for several years now. So it's doing a couple different things. It's talking to the market about being these inflation fighters. And for some reason, which we could go into in greater depth, the news continues or the main news companies continue to run with the story that when the Fed says it can control inflation, that it actually can. I don't know why this continues to happen except for the fact that it's what passes for headlines and it's an easy conversation to have.

The Fed says it can control inflation. We're going to say that if the Fed raises rates, it's controlling inflation. So therefore those two things are equivalents and they're not. The Fed can't create oil, it can't open a strait, it can't create gold, it can't create silver, it can't create literally any hard asset that we use to work our world. As a result, any prices that increase on any of those assets, the production of, the use of, the movement of, is a cost and can or cannot inflate regardless of what the Fed is doing. So it's really two ways of looking at inflation, that they can change the cost of money and try to reduce the leverage in the market, less borrowing because it's harder to borrow because it's an extra 25 basis points this month or what have you, but they can't really change inflation.

That's a factor of so many other things. Now it could be that there's a resolution in the strait tomorrow and after we have this conversation, I don't think so, but let's say that happens and oil goes back down to 70 or 80, which was when the Fed only had three governors who wanted a rate hike and everybody else didn't. That could happen. When it does happen, that will reduce inflation. That will have zero to do with the fact that the Fed raised rates last week.

Mike Maharrey: Yeah. Now, one thing the Fed can do is create inflation with its money creation and its mechanizations. I think people forget that sometimes as well, and they seem to like to do that. Yeah, I'm with you on the war. I'm not particularly sanguine that we'll have peace, but Lord, I hope we can get to that point, not only for the economic aspect of it, but just so that people can quit dying. But yeah, it's interesting. It almost feels like the war is a lid on the price of gold. It wants to come up, but we've got this kind of war lid. Do you think if the war does continue to drag on at some point that lid will come off by itself even if we're not getting a resolution just because this seemed to be this pent-up demand for gold under the surface?

Nomi Prins: Yeah, I think we started to see some of that really before the latest skirmish in Iran or the latest lack of resolution as well as the headlines around the Fed rate hike. We saw gold back off a bit, but before that it had started to creep up to 46, $4,700. It started to be, as you said, move past the volatility that's happening in that region, and I think it will continue to do that. I mean, we've seen that and we saw a little backing off there is volatility, but again, it's at a very solid lower level in terms of where it can appreciate from and where we've seen it appreciate from just in recent weeks. So I do think there will be more of a calming down in terms of the expectations of gold to have to follow what's there. I just think it's hard when oil is so high, which is related to going there, for there to be enough breathing room for new buyers to come into gold.

Again, we saw that in August and that is because we saw those prices back off. I think any month where that happens, the people that have now gotten into those gold ETFs, we had a second record month in August, for example, the ones that are playing gold, not physically, but sort of through the ETF markets so they can move in and out of those positions very quickly, which is what we saw in the beginning of the year when the war started. Yeah, they're in a great levels. And what happens psychologically as new gold buyers, on the one hand when gold sinks quite a lot quickly, they get afraid and they come out. But on the other hand, when they start to toe back in and they're at good levels, even there's a little volatility at some of the lower levels, they feel more comfortable about staying in and adding to those positions.

I think that's where we are, and I think adding will continue to move the price to gold up. And of course, as we just talked about, central banks will be buying it anyway, sovereign wealth funds will be buying it anyway. There's definitely been more buying of gold relative to treasury issuance coming out. So that trend continues anyway in terms of the long-term holders of gold, and those holders need physical gold. And that goes back to the scarcity value of new mines, new supply, and what's happening to feed that demand.

Mike Maharrey: Yeah. Do you think it's fair to say that these rate hikes are far more likely to have an impact on your average person on Main Street who has a credit card with a high interest rate and somebody who's wanting to buy a house that's looking at mortgage rates, that that's going to have more impact there than it is actually on the macro inflation picture?

Nomi Prins: Yeah, absolutely. Especially for people with high debt, high credit card debt. And of course, that's at historic highs now because it just means that they're going to get letters from their credit card providers and they're going to say Fed raised rates, we're going to have to raise rates. Same thing with any floating rate mortgage or home equity loan. There's less of them, but some of them do adjust and you're going to get letters saying that they've adjusted rate upward and that's going to pinch wallets even more than inflation already does. We're already in a very constrained economy. I could throw out some fancy economic stats on that from a high towery way, but also anyone just needs to go into a supermarket at any point in time and recognize that the checkout line has a bunch of really strained people in it with the reality of things just costing more whatever it is they're buying.

And so you add that to people having to pay more for need goods, whether that's utilities or food or shelter or medicine with credit cards and that price going up, it does definitely create more of a burden on the average person than again, dense actual inflation of those prices. Yeah,

Mike Maharrey: And people are struggling. I think you make a really good point. I don't have to tout out a bunch of data. People know they're going to the grocery store, they're going to the gas station, they see their own bank accounts. I have people tell me often, they'll get these kind of rosy, "Oh, GDP grew by X or inflation is down or jobs, there's lots of jobs out there." And people tell me they don't see that reality in their own lives. And I think there's a little bit of a disconnect between the financial stuff up here and the reality of life and Main Street. I hate using that term Main Street because it's so cliche, but it's the only thing I can think of.

Nomi Prins: But it's true. Yesterday, just as a really clear example, I went to CVS with my husband and we were just buying items, and dental floss was like $5.99. I don't remember. These are kinds of items that you don't buy all the time. I just note it because this happened and I was thinking as he was like, "When did that happen? When did a tiny little thing? When did that happen?" So whether it's a regular thing you're buying or whether it's a thing you buy periodically, I mean, everything has really been inflating in terms of price for the average consumer. Yeah.

Mike Maharrey: When you say dental floss, I think like 99 cents, right? I don't think $5 for dental floss. That's crazy.

Nomi Prins: Nobody does!

Mike Maharrey: You mentioned Secretary of the Treasury Bessent and the bond buybacks. So we did $6 trillion, or not trillion, $6 billion in long-term treasury buybacks last week, and he announced yesterday they're going to do another six billion today. That sounds like a lot, but when you look at the totality of the treasury market, it's really a drop in the bucket. What is he doing? Because I don't see how he's doing enough to really tip the scale in terms of treasury demand, but there's obviously a reason that he's doing this now. What do you think is going on here?

Nomi Prins: I look at this whole thing like beta testing a bigger treasury buyback. He was talking about some sort of plan of this nature from the beginning of having gotten the seat as the head of the Treasury Department, and this is the actualizing of that plan. And you're right, six billion out of a $40 trillion debt is really just not anything, but it's a statement that we have worked out the systems, we've worked out the language, we've had the back channel conversations, all the things that need to happen over a long period of time in general for anything that happens in the government. I think the first six billion, the second six billion, the sort of toe in the water beta testing. We've shaken out language of the idea. We've announced it to the market before there are possibilities of bigger treasury buybacks because it means absolutely nothing in the scheme of the value that six billion is relative to say just a trillion dollars’ worth of interest on the $40 trillion worth of debt per year.

It's literally nothing and the billions, it's just literally nothing. But at the same time, it sort of opens potentially a portal to be able to do more in the future independently of the Fed. Whether that's a regular future, whether that's a crisis future, whether that's war related, we need more for the Defense Department future, whatever it is. But while that six billion was happening, the debt increased by more than that. So the debts increasing by more than that buyback is actually remotely able to touch it. I just mean in physical time, like in a week or in a day, but I think it's testing the ground for something additional to the Fed. The first buybacks, the first quantitative easing were actually done by the Treasury Department back in 1907, $25 million for the panic of 1907, which went directly to JP Morgan's coffers and he gave it to his friends, but it came from the Treasury Department and we didn't have a Fed.

So now we kind of have these two bodies and I think there's a lot of other factors to the Treasury Department asserting itself in this way.

Mike Maharrey: Yeah. I need better friends. I need friends that are going to hand me some billions of dollars. Isn't it crazy though? We're sitting here talking about $6 billion in treasuries being literally nothing. When you said that in my head, I'm like, that's kind of crazy when you really think about it. Are you surprised that yields didn't react more? When he announced the buyback the first time and initially they said it was going to be between two and $4 billion, there was a little bit of a dip in treasury yields, but it came back up within a day. And then when they actually did it, it was more than they said and it moved for maybe 20 minutes. And then when he announced it yesterday, they just kept going up. Are you surprised by that, that there hasn't really been any impact at all?

Nomi Prins: No, because as you said, the only impact was in the beginning, I think possibly with the expectation that more could come or the door was going to open sooner or just something that would be more meaningful. I think that's where we saw the rally, some minor rally in treasury yields go down, gold prices go up. But the actual amounts were tiny. The latest amount was equally tiny. And unless there's something substantive, and again, this all could be part of a test program in some way, whether that's next month, another six billion or 60 billion, or it's in a year from now when something else happens, it's a hundred billion. I mean, we don't know. This is a process, but I think the market at the second buy was pretty much jaded by the fact that these numbers were in fact tiny and sort of like, show me something real, which is not unequivalent to quantitative easing movements.

When we were back post-financial crisis, the market would move when there were significant quantitative easing movements, and then it would get all sort of stubborn when they didn't, and it would pre-move before the Fed to try to get the Fed or think it was getting the Fed to psychologically do more. There's some of that going on. There's just a lot of other noise in terms of what the market's grappling with that this latest move just. And the fact that Treasury yields moved up probably had nothing to do with it, but if it did, it was just an assessment that, okay, that's not enough. Next thing. Yeah,

Mike Maharrey: Next. Yeah, makes sense. So I understand that you're working on a new book, and are you pretty close to being done? Is that what I understand?

Nomi Prins: Yes, I actually have a new book I'm just about to complete the manuscript for. It's very thick, and it'll be out, I think at the end of 2027 or beginning of 2028, mostly because of the publishing process. It'll be in a lot of places and languages and all that kind of thing. So these things have a life of their own, but my part of the main part, yes, I'm about finished with the manuscript for my book, Commodity Wars, and it will hopefully explain a lot of both the historical and the present and the future path of where we're at from the standpoint of commodities, physical, gold, silver, uranium, copper, things we kind of know more about as well as things that are more esoteric from antimony to tungsten to other things, and just how countries really do weaponize hard assets or use them as defense, and how we really have, and how the private sector and governments have basically done this since our age of financialization started with the Barrons becoming the bankers, which I've written about and all the president's bankers.

So it's interesting. Anyway, long answer, but I'm an author, so hopefully that's effective.

Mike Maharrey: That's exciting because you tie together the historical context, which kind of helps you understand. They say that you can't really understand the present or the future without understanding the past, and I really appreciate the way you can put those things into context in a way that readers can understand. I would encourage the audience to go and check out Nomi's books. She's got a lot of good stuff out there and you can expand your mind, which is always a good thing. I think with that, I'm going to let you go and wrap this up, but before I do, I definitely want to let you give you an opportunity to tell folks where they can follow your work, find your books, and follow your daily activities as well.

Nomi Prins: Sure. So on our Substack, which is princiites.substack.com, we have a lot of material and different tiers for both complimentary and model portfolio, really deep research. I go out to the mines, I get the hard hats on, I'm underneath the ground when we recommend analysis or potential companies for consideration for people. And we're also just about to launch on my own site, which is princiitesglobal.com, a separate portfolio product, which will go really to the first stages of the supply chain for different prospect generators and other companies, which is launching on October 1st. So look out for that.

Mike Maharrey: Yeah, I really do appreciate just the opportunity to talk to you. I appreciate the fact that you're one of the people out there that really seems to understand that. I like to use the word malfeasance when I talk about central banking, this kind of monetary malfeasance. It seems like so many people just accept what the central bankers do is that these are wise, benevolent, above the fray, data-driven, no politics, and you seem to see through all of that. And so I think that really kind of gives you an edge in terms of your analysis in terms of contrasting that with some of the more mainstream stuff. So I appreciate that and appreciate all you do. And thank you so much for taking a little bit of time out of your day and hanging out with me and putting up with my scatterbrained afternoon that I'm having today.

So thank you so much for that.

Nomi Prins: Thank you, Mike. It's always a pleasure. All right.

Mike Maharrey: Well, we'll talk to you again soon.

Another wonderful interview with Nomi Prins there and we’re certainly thrilled to have been able to have her back on the podcast and I trust you enjoyed that one.

Well, that will do it for this week. Be sure to check back next Friday for our next Weekly Market Wrap Podcast. And don’t miss our second weekly podcast, the Money Metals Midweek Memo, which airs each Wednesday. To check out any of our audio programs just visit https://www.moneymetals.com/podcasts";>MoneyMetals.com/podcasts or find them on Spotify, Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts or wherever you listen to your favorite podcasts. And as a big help to us we would ask you to please like, subscribe, download and rate our podcasts. Doing so helps us extend the reach of this material.

Until next time, this has been Mike Gleason with https://www.moneymetals.com/";>Money Metals Exchange, thanks for listening and have a wonderful weekend everybody.

Silver Dollar Value - Silver Content and Melt Value of Every U.S. Dollar Coin - Morgan, Peace, Trade, Eisenhower, and Silver Eagle Types - Money Metals

Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

A silver dollar is a United States one-dollar coin struck in silver. That definition sounds simple until you open a drawer and discover four different dollar coins in it, and only one of them might have any silver.

Every U.S. dollar coin minted from 1794 through 1935 was struck in 90 percent silver. After a long hiatus, dollar coins re-emerged in 1971 and have produced the following coin series in the years since:

The Eisenhower
The Susan B. Anthony
The Sacagawea
The Presidential series

Almost all post-1971 coins contain no silver, with the exception of San Francisco-minted Eisenhower coins. These coins were minted as collector editions and contain 40 percent silver.

Separate from all of these is the American Silver Eagle, a bullion coin carrying a full troy ounce of .999 fine silver that happens to have a one-dollar face value stamped on it.

This guide will explore each U.S. silver dollar coin type. It will also tell you how to identify the one in your hand in about ten seconds, give you the exact silver weight for each, and answer the question most guides avoid: if what you want is silver, is a silver dollar a good way to acquire it?

What Counts as a Silver Dollar … and What Doesn't

The United States has issued dollar coins in three distinct eras.

The Three Eras of the U.S. Dollar Coin

Struck silver, 1794–1935. This era includes the Flowing Hair dollar through the last Peace dollar, every circulating U.S. dollar was 90 percent silver and 10 percent copper. The Coinage Act of 1792 set the standard at 371.25 grains of pure silver per dollar and, with the exception of the Trade dollar, that standard held for 141 years.

The clad gap, 1971–present. When dollar coin production resumed in 1971 with the Eisenhower dollar, the silver content had been removed from the coin. Circulating dollar coins from 1971 forward are copper-nickel or manganese-brass clad over a copper core. They are worth one dollar.

Modern bullion, 1986–present. The American Silver Eagle launched in 1986. Unlike the struck silver coins, it is not a circulating coin. It is a bullion product with a legal tender face value of one dollar and one full troy ounce of .999 fine silver inside it.

Every U.S. Dollar Coin, By Composition

Coin	Years	Composition	Fine silver content	Weight	Diameter
Flowing Hair dollar	1794–1795	90% silver	~0.7734 oz	26.96 g	39–40 mm
Draped Bust dollar	1795–1804	90% silver	~0.7734 oz	26.96 g	39–40 mm
Gobrecht Dollar	1836-1839	90% silver	0.7734 oz	26.73 g	38.1 mm
Seated Liberty dollar	1840–1873	90% silver	0.7734 oz	26.73 g	38.1 mm
Trade dollar	1873–1885	90% silver	0.7874 oz	27.22 g	38.1 mm
Morgan dollar	1878–1904, 1921	90% silver	0.7734 oz	26.73 g	38.1 mm
Peace dollar	1921–1935	90% silver	0.7734 oz	26.73 g	38.1 mm
Eisenhower dollar (circulation)	1971–1978	Copper-nickel clad	None	22.68 g	38.1 mm
Eisenhower dollar (S-mint collector)	1971–1974, 1976	40% silver	0.3161 oz	24.62 g	38.1 mm
Susan B. Anthony dollar	1979–1981, 1999	Copper-nickel clad	None	8.1 g	26.5 mm
Sacagawea / Native American dollar	2000–present	Manganese-brass clad	None	8.1 g	26.5 mm
Presidential dollar	2007–2016, 2020	Manganese-brass clad	None	8.1 g	26.5 mm
American Innovation dollar	2018–present	Manganese-brass clad	None	8.1 g	26.5 mm
American Silver Eagle	1986–present	.999 fine silver	1.000 oz	31.1 g	40.6 mm

The Dollar Coins That Contain No Silver at All

If you are holding a Susan B. Anthony, a Sacagawea, a Presidential dollar, or an American Innovation dollar, it contains no silver. These coins are worth a single dollar as currency. Assuming the coin is in circulated condition, it is worth nothing above the face value.

The Eisenhower dollar is the one that becomes most confusing for people. The Eisenhower dollar causes the most confusion, so it deserves a closer look further down.

How to Tell in Ten Seconds Whether Your Dollar Contains Silver

You can settle this without a scale most of the time. Work through it in order.

Step One: Read the Date

1935 or earlier? This coin has a silver content of 90 percent. Every U.S. dollar coin struck through 1935 was. When you own one of these coins, you hold roughly three-quarters of a troy ounce of silver.

1971 through 1978? It is an Eisenhower dollar and it probably contains no silver.

1979 or later, and small? If it is about the size of a quarter rather than the size of a hockey puck, it is a Susan B. Anthony, Sacagawea, Presidential, or American Innovation dollar. It does not hold silver.

1986 or later, large, and marked "1 OZ. FINE SILVER"? It is an American Silver Eagle. One full troy ounce of .999 silver.

There is a gap in the middle worth knowing about: no U.S. dollar coins were struck for circulation between 1936 and 1970.

Step Two: The Eisenhower Exception Most Guides Get Wrong

Eisenhower dollars struck for circulation between 1971 and 1978 are copper-nickel clad if they were minted at Philadelphia or Denver. Hundreds of millions of these coins were made.

However, there are 40 percent silver Eisenhower dollars that were struck at the San Francisco Mint. These coins were minted as collector issues. The Mint struck these coins between 1971 and 1974, then again in 1976. They came in several forms:

“Blue Ikes”: uncirculated 40 percent silver dollars sold in blue envelopes
“Brown Ikes”: proof 40 percent silver dollars sold in brown boxes
1976-S Bicentennial silver sets: three-coin sets including the silver Ike

There are three distinguishing characteristics that can set these coins apart. First, the S mint mark below Eisenhower’s neck. If there is no S, then there is no silver.

The second tell is the weight. A silver Ike runs about 24.6 grams against 22.7 for the clad version. The third thing to look for is the edge. Clad Ike coins show a visible copper stripe in the reeding, but a 40 percent silver coin does not.

There is another oddity that sometimes confuses newcomers: there are no dollar coins dated 1975. Coins struck in 1975 and 1976 both carry the dual date 1776-1976 for the Bicentennial.

Step Three: Weight, Diameter, and Edge

It is very common for Morgan and Peace dollars to have worn away dates. That is a side effect of decades spent in circulation. Fortunately, there is still a way to identify these coins even if their dates are no longer visible.

Simply check the physical specs. Genuine 90 percent silver dollars, whether they be Seated Liberty, Morgan, or Peace coins, weigh 26.73 grams and measure 38.1 millimeters across. The coins also show a reeded edge. An inexpensive jeweler’s scale can settle the question.

If a coin is significantly lighter than the given weight, it is either badly worn, cleaned aggressively, or counterfeit.

Two quick additional checks are also worth noting. First, a silver dollar is not magnetic. If a magnet draws the coin, it is not silver. Likewise, the coin’s edge should show a uniform silver-white color throughout its reeding. There should not be a copper-colored stripe.

The Classic 90 Percent Silver Dollars, 1794–1935

This time period produced seven coin series over 141 years. During that time, every coin was made with one alloy standard. Here is what each one is and what it holds.

Flowing Hair and Draped Bust, 1794–1804

These are the first U.S. silver dollars ever produced. They were authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792 and began production at the Philadelphia Mint beginning in 1794. The Flowing Hair design ran 1794–1795 before being replaced by the Draped Bust, a series that continued its production until 1804.

These coins are not bullion coins in any practical sense. Survivors are scarce and trade entirely on their numismatic value. Authentic examples are usually worth many multiples of their silver value. If you believe you have one, get it authenticated before you do anything else.

Gobrecht Dollar, 1836–1839

The Gobrecht dollar bridged the long gap between the early Draped Bust dollar and the Seated Liberty series. Christian Gobrecht designed these coins, which introduced the Seated Liberty design that eventually became standard on U.S. silver dollars.

Gobrecht dollars were produced from 1836 through 1839 in very small numbers compared with later Morgan and Peace dollars. Today, surviving examples are primarily numismatic coins rather than practical ways to buy silver.

Genuine Gobrecht dollars can carry substantial collector value. The exact value varies according to its date, variety, and authenticity. Its value should not be judged primarily by the silver it contains.

If you believe you have a Gobrecht dollar, avoid cleaning or polishing it and have the coin professionally authenticated before selling it.

Seated Liberty, 1840–1873

The Seated Liberty dollar was designed by Christian Gobrecht. Produced more than 35 years after the Draped Bust ended, it filled the long gap in silver dollar production. The coin was struck at Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, and Carson City. It contains 0.7734 troy ounces of silver.

Trade Dollar, 1873–1885: The Heavy One

The Trade dollar is the exception to every rule in this guide. It is also the coin most often left out of silver-content tables.

Congress authorized the Trade dollar in 1873 for a specific purpose: it was to compete with the Mexican peso in Asian commerce. To do that task, it had to carry more silver than the standard dollar. The coin was struck at 420 grains against the standard dollar’s 412.5. That amount equates to roughly 27.22 grams, still 90 percent fine, which works out to roughly 0.7874 troy ounces of pure silver.

That is about 1.8 percent more silver than a Morgan or a Peace dollar. Though that difference may seem small on a one-to-one comparison, it makes a significant difference in bags of coins.

The coin also holds a distinction no other American coin does: Congress demonetized it in July 1876. That move stripped the series of its legal tender status even as it was being minted.

Strangely enough, the coin remained demonetized for nearly ninety years. It was not until the Coinage Act of 1965 that the coin’s legal status was restored.

It is worthwhile to note that Trade dollars are among the most heavily counterfeited U.S. coins. This is largely because so many were struck for, and sent to, Asia. Avoid counterfeits by buying professionally graded coins or else from a reputable dealer that guarantees authenticity.

Morgan Dollar, 1878–1904 and 1921

https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/silver/silver-dollars/morgan-dollars";>The Morgan is the silver dollar that most Americans picture. The coin was designed by George T. Morgan and struck at the Philadelphia, New Orleans, San Francisco, Carson City, and Denver Mints. The coin carries 0.7734 troy ounces of silver in 26.73 grams of 90 percent alloy.

Common-date circulated Morgans, often sold as “culls,” trade close to their silver value plus a premium. Key dates, Carson City strikes, and high-grade uncirculated examples trade on rarity and condition instead. Some rare examples sell for enormous multiples of their silver value.

Peace Dollar, 1921–1935

Authorized to commemorate the end of World War I, the Peace dollar replaced the Morgan in late 1921 and ran through 1935. It has the same alloy, weight, and 0.7734 troy ounces of silver as the Morgan dollar. The 1921 issue was struck in high relief and is the most sought-after date in the series.

https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/silver/coins/peace-silver-dollar";>Peace dollars are somewhat less common than Morgans in the retail market, though not enough to change the buying math much.

How Much Is a Silver Dollar Worth?

The melt value of a 90 percent silver dollar is straightforward arithmetic:

Silver spot price x 0.7734 = melt value

Adjust the math according to different silver weights in different coins. The formula above works for a Morgan or Peace dollar. However, a Trade dollar weighs 0.7874 ounces. That is the multiplier you need to use for the equation to find the melt value of a Trade dollar.

A Silver Eagle contains one full ounce. Its https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>melt value is the spot price itself.

Melt value is the floor value, not the total price. What you actually pay or receive depends on condition, date, mint mark, and whether the coin has collector demand above its metal.

A common-date circulated Morgan trades near melt plus a premium. A key date trades on rarity and can be worth many multiples of its silver.

For date-by-date values, grading, authentication, and guidance on selling, see our full guide: How Much Is a Silver Dollar Worth? That guide covers key dates for both the Morgan and Peace series, how the Sheldon grading scale affects price, how to spot a counterfeit, and where to sell.

Why So Few Old Silver Dollars Survive: The Pittman Act

Every guide will tell you certain Morgan dates are scarce. Few of them explain why. The answer ultimately comes from a single piece of legislation.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittman_Act";>The Pittman Act, signed April 23, 1918, authorized the Treasury to melt up to 350 million standard silver dollars and sell the bullion. The bulk went to Britain, which needed silver to stabilize its currency in India during the First World War. The Treasury did not use the full authorization, but it came close: 270,232,722 silver dollars were converted to bullion.

As a result, roughly a quarter of a billion Morgan and Seated Liberty dollars were destroyed. Survival rates are very uneven across coin issues. Some had healthy original mintages that are now very scarce. Others had smaller mintages, but they are now among the most common issues.

The Act also required the Treasury to buy domestic silver and recoin the melted dollars, a process that ran from 1920 through 1933. That mandate is the entire reason the 1921 Morgan dollar exists. The series ended in 1904, but it was revived for one year purely to satisfy Pittman.

There is a later part of the story. Millions of the recoined dollars sat untouched in Treasury vaults for decades, including a large quantity of Carson City coins. The General Services Administration sold them off to the public in a series of mail-bid sales in the 1970s. That is why so many CC Morgans turn up today in hard plastic GSA holders.

If you own one of those holders, do not break it. The packaging itself carries value.

The practical takeaway is that you pay a premium for a scarce-date Morgan. A large part of what you pay was determined by a wartime melt in 1918, not by how many were struck.

Modern Dollar Coins: Eisenhower, Anthony, Sacagawea, and the Silver Eagle

Eisenhower Dollar, 1971–1978

The Eisenhower dollar was the first dollar coin to enter circulation in 36 years. The coin honored President Dwight Eisenhower on the obverse with an Apollo 11 mission design on the reverse. It has the same 38.1 mm diameter as the classic silver dollars. That is why the confusion persists to this day. It looks like a silver dollar.

The trouble is, circulation strikes are not silver. Only the https://www.moneymetals.com/40-silver-eisenhower-dollars-3161-oz-silver/268";>San Francisco collector issues covered above contain silver at 40 percent.

Susan B. Anthony, Sacagawea, Presidential, and American Innovation

None of these four series contains silver.

The Susan B. Anthony dollar (1979–1981, revived 1999) was shrunk to 26.5 mm to make it practical for vending machines. The problem was that the public often confused the smaller coin with a quarter.

The Sacagawea dollar (2000–present) retained the small size of its Susan B. Anthony predecessor. However, it added a golden manganese-brass surface to set it apart.

The Presidential series (2007–2016, plus 2020) and the American Innovation series (2018–present) use the same blank and add edge lettering. These coins exist because the Treasury had spent fifty years trying to make Americans use a dollar coin, and Americans keep declining. None of them are silver, and none of them carry bullion value.

American Silver Eagle, 1986–present

The Silver Eagle is the only modern U.S. dollar coin that is genuinely a silver dollar. It is one of the most-purchased silver bullion coins in the world.

The coin’s specs include one troy ounce of .999 fine silver, 40.6 mm across, 31.1 grams in total weight. The obverse of the coin features Adolph Weinman’s Walking Liberty design. It carries a one-dollar face value for legal tender purposes, which is a legal formality rather than an economic one. Its market value is driven primarily by its silver content and prevailing premium.

Two things set the Silver Eagle apart from the classic silver dollars for an investor. It is a full ounce rather than three-quarters of one, which makes the math trivial. And it is the U.S. silver coin that https://www.moneymetals.com/programs/iras";>qualifies for a precious metals IRA, which the Morgans and Peace dollars do not.

Silver Dollars Versus Other Ways to Buy Silver

If your goal is to own silver and convert dollars into ounces at the best rate you can get, then here is the catch. A silver dollar is one of the more expensive ways to do it.

The reason is structural. A silver dollar contains 0.7734 troy ounces, not a full ounce. So any premium you pay is spread across three-quarters of an ounce instead of a full one. That magnifies its effect on your cost per ounce.

On top of that, classic silver dollars carry a collector premium that generic silver does not. This is because they compete for the same coins with numismatists who are not concerned about the coin’s metal value at all.

What You Actually Pay Per Ounce

Run the comparison this way, using whatever live prices you find on the day:

Product	Silver content	Cost per troy ounce
Cull Morgan or Peace dollar	0.7734 oz	Coin price ÷ 0.7734
Pre-1965 90% junk silver (half dollars, quarters, dimes)	0.715 oz per $1 face	Bag price ÷ total ounces
1 oz generic silver round	1.000 oz	Round price
1 oz American Silver Eagle	1.000 oz	Coin price

Do that arithmetic before you buy and the ranking is usually the same: generic rounds and bars come in lowest, junk silver next, Silver Eagles above that because of the U.S. Mint's production costs, and cull silver dollars typically highest of the four on a per-ounce basis.

When a Silver Dollar is the Right Buy Anyway

None of that makes silver dollars a bad purchase. It does, however, make them a different purchase. There are good reasons to choose one:

You want the history. A Morgan dollar circulated through the American West. That is worth something to a lot of people, and it is not irrational to pay for it.

You want recognizability and divisibility. Pre-1965 U.S. silver is incredibly recognizable by any dealer in the country. A silver dollar is a convenient unit. It is larger than a junk silver half but smaller than a 10-ounce bar.

You want optionality on the numismatic side. A common-date Morgan is metal today. If collector demand for the series strengthens, it is also a coin. A generic round is only worth its metal value.

You want a physical asset that has already survived a century. These coins made it through the Pittman melt and the 1965 debasement. That is a track record.

Here’s the final takeaway: if you are buying ounces, https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/silver/rounds";>buy rounds or bars. If you are buying American monetary history that happens to contain silver, buy silver dollars. Both of them are legitimate purchases, but you have to know which one best suits your goal.

Which Silver Dollars Can Go in an IRA

Short answer: the American Silver Eagle qualifies. Morgan, Peace, Trade, Seated Liberty and 40 percent silver Eisenhower dollars do not.

The rule comes from the tax code. Silver held in a self-directed IRA must generally meet a .999 minimum fineness standard, with certain coins named as statutory exceptions. Classic U.S. silver dollars are .900 fine (90 percent silver, 10 percent copper) and fall below that threshold. The American Silver Eagle, at .999 fine, clears it comfortably and is additionally named in the statute.

Coin	Fineness	IRA-eligible
American Silver Eagle	.999	Yes
Morgan dollar	.900	No
Peace dollar	.900	No
Trade dollar	.900	No
Seated Liberty dollar	.900	No
Eisenhower dollar (40% silver)	.400	No

There is a broader principle behind the rule: IRAs are meant to hold investment metal, https://www.irs.gov/retirement-plans/investments-in-collectibles-in-individually-directed-qualified-plan-accounts";>not collectibles. A coin whose value depends on rarity and grade rather than metal content is treated as a collectible for tax purposes, which is why graded and certified silver dollars are excluded even when the underlying coin would otherwise qualify.

This is general information, not tax advice. Confirm eligibility for any specific product with your IRA custodian before you buy.

Face Value Versus Silver Value: What a Dollar Was Supposed to Be

The Coinage Act of 1792 did not define a dollar as a piece of paper, or as a unit of account, or as whatever the Treasury said it was. It defined a dollar as a specific quantity of silver: 371.25 grains of pure metal, which is 0.7734375 troy ounces. That was not a policy preference, but rather the word’s definition.

For 143 years, a U.S. dollar was exactly that. You could hold one and know precisely what a dollar was.

That same coin today has a melt value of roughly $50 while a paper dollar buys what a paper dollar buys. Nothing changed about the coin. It has the exact same specs it has always had.

What changed is the unit it is measured against.

That is the argument for owning precious metals. A silver dollar makes the case very clearly. It is a physical, dated, government-struck record of what the word “dollar” used to mean.

The Coinage Act of 1965 removed silver from circulating U.S. coinage entirely. The last tie between the dollar and gold was cut with the end of the Bretton Woods system in 1971. That was the same year that produced a non-silver Eisenhower dollar.

The silver coins did not lose their value, but the currency they once represented did. The result is those same coins are worth far more than their face value today.

Buying, Handling, and Storing Silver Dollars

Culls versus graded coins

A cull is a heavily worn, damaged, or otherwise low-grade silver dollar that sells for its metal value. It is the cheapest way into the series. If your interest is the metal, it is usually the right call. You are paying the smallest possible premium over the 0.7734 ounces inside.

In contrast, a graded coin has been authenticated and assigned a numeric grade by a third-party service such as PCGS or NGC. Then it is sealed in a tamper-evident holder.

Grading costs money and takes time. Typically, it is worth doing only when the coin’s numismatic value very clearly surpasses the expense of doing the grading. Generally a scarce date, a strong uncirculated, or a coin you intend to sell into the collector market. For a common circulated Morgan, grading costs more than it adds.

Never clean a silver dollar

This is the single most expensive mistake people make with inherited coins. Cleaning a silver dollar leaves microscopic scratches that graders detect immediately and that permanently reduce the coin’s value. Usually, the value reduction is drastic.

The toning on an old silver dollar is part of its condition. It should not be looked on as dirt or devaluation.

If a coin is genuinely soiled, ask a dealer what you should do before taking any further action.

Handling and storage

Hold coins by the edges, never on the faces. Keep them in inert containers, such as coin flips, tubes, or capsules. That is much safer than leaving the coins loose in a container where they could rub against each other and leave scratches.

Additionally, avoid PVC-based plastics. These break down over time and leave a green residue that damages the surface.

For meaningful quantities, consider whether a segregated, insured depository makes more sense than a drawer.

The Short Version

A silver dollar is a U.S. one-dollar coin struck in silver, and only some U.S. dollar coins qualify. Everything from 1935 and before carries a 90 percent silver content at 0.7734 troy ounces. The one exception is the Trade dollar, which contains slightly more silver at 0.7874 troy ounces.

Circulating dollar coins from 1971 forward contain no silver, with the narrow exception of the San Francisco 40 percent silver Eisenhower issues. The https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/silver/coins/american-silver-eagle";>American Silver Eagle carries a full ounce of .999 fine silver and is the only one of them eligible for an IRA.

If you are converting dollars into ounces, do the per-ounce math first. Rounds and bars will usually win. If you want a piece of American monetary history that also happens to contain roughly fifty dollars of silver, a silver dollar should satisfy perfectly. It will tell you something every time you look at it about what a dollar was supposed to be.

Money Metals stocks Morgan and Peace silver dollars, 90% junk silver, generic rounds and bars, and American Silver Eagles, with live pricing on every product page. https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>See today’s silver dollar prices.

Try That With Paper Money! 2,000-Year-Old Roman Coins Stand the Test of Time

Fri, 25 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

Here’s a question for you.

If you were alive 2,000 years from now and dug up an old box of $100 bills, do you think you could spend it anywhere?

I’m going to guess no.

In the first place, it’s highly unlikely paper money would last 2,000 years underground. It would mold and deteriorate. If the box was compromised, animals and insects might even chew up the bills. Remember how https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/04/if-rats-can-eat-your-money-its-probably-not-good-money-005184";>rats ate money that drug lord Pablo Escobar’s people stashed in walls? That paper didn’t last a decade, much less 1,000 years.

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Paper doesn’t stand the test of time – kind of like the value of any fiat currency.

And that leads to the second issue. I would be shocked if the U.S. existed in 2,000 years, at least not in the same way it does now. Without a backing government, U.S. fiat money would be worthless. It would be kind of like finding a box of old Confederate money that survived the Civil War. Sure, it would have some historical value. But you couldn’t take it to Walmart and buy a trinket.

Contrast that with Roman denarii. If I dug up a box of those silver coins, they would be in virtually the same condition they were in when they were buried, with perhaps a bit of tarnish.

And I could immediately go and spend one of those silver coins. They might not take it at Walmart, but I guarantee I could quickly find someone who would accept the denarii.

Because silver has value, and virtually everybody in the world knows it.

That’s why I find these treasure discoveries so fascinating. It boggles my mind that 2,000-year-old money is as valuable as it was the day it was buried. Silver and gold stand the test of time.

I ran across an article this week about an amateur archeologist in Germany who found a trove of silver coins in a field.

Oliver Riedl found several Roman denarii and realized he was onto something big when his metal detector kept beeping. He called in help, and a group of experts unearthed 934 denarii.

That was quite a fortune in its day. Historians say a Roman soldier earned around 300 denarii per year, with about half withheld for food and equipment. So, the horde in Germany represented about 6 years of take-home pay.

Do you know what’s cool?

I can figure out the purchasing power of those coins today with a few simple calculations.

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According to https://apnews.com/article/germany-roman-silver-coins-hoard-a0d3d4b13afb3595ce7c475f9a016d2c"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">the AP report, the haul of coins weighed 6.8 pounds. That converts to about 99 troy ounces.

According to archeologists, the coins dated to the reign of Roman Emperor Hadrian. Roman coins minted in that era were about 80 percent silver. That means the stash of denarii contains a little over 79.2 ounces of silver.

This morning, https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>silver was $65.47 per ounce, making the melt value of our denarii around $5,185.

In other words, I could theoretically buy over $5,000 worth of stuff just with the silver contained in those nearly 2,000-year-old coins.

Now, consider again what you might be able to buy with paper dollars in 2,000 years.

Let’s imagine you found $5,000 in cash 2,000 years from now. Somehow, the paper survived all those years, and the U.S. government was still around to back the money. I imagine that $5,000 would buy you about 0.0000000000001 cent worth of stuff, given the rate of monetary debasement. Heck, $5,000 buried 50 years ago would only purchase $859.75 today.

I think I’d rather have the Roman denarii.

One of Aristotle’s four characteristics of good money is durability. In other words, money must stand the test of time. It can’t break down, rot, or corrode easily.

Silver fits the bill.

Paper – not so much.

And you can’t print silver.

That means governments can’t devalue silver money by printing more. They have to dilute the metal's purity. In fact, that’s exactly what Roman emperors did. In the Empire’s waning years, the denarii's purity fell as low as 50 percent.

The moral of this story: get real money if you want to preserve your wealth over time. Gold and silver will not rust, corrode, mold, degrade, or be printed into worthlessness by the government!

How Much Gold Is Mined Each Year - Record 3,672 Tonnes of Global Gold Production in 2025 - Top Producing Countries, Reserves Left to Mine, and Why Sources Disagree - Money Metals

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

Quick Answer: Gold miners produced 3,672 tonnes of gold in 2025, or about 118.1 million troy ounces, which set a record. Adding recycled metal brings total gold supply to 5,002 tonnes.

The world mines much less gold than many people assume. Even with the record setting gold production of 2025, that output is not enough to make a significant increase in gold supply.

That matters for gold investors, because it shows that the gold supply really is tight. It also explains something that surprises new buyers: a big jump in mining output does almost nothing to the gold price. Below, you will learn the leading producing nations for gold, current figures, and the reason so many websites quote a number that is wrong.

How Much Gold Is Mined Each Year, In Tonnes and Ounces

Here is what the world produced in 2025, the most recent full year on record.

Supply source	Tonnes	Troy ounces
Mine production	3,672	118.1 million
Recycled gold	1,404	45.1 million
Total gold supply	5,002	160.8 million

Mine production rose about 1% from 2024, which is a smaller gain than many expect when they hear the word “record.” Output has been close to flat since 2016, and while miners have added a few percent in good years. In short, nothing resembling a surge has happened in two decades.

Recycled gold makes up the remainder of the supply portion. Old jewelry, scrap, and coins get melted down and refined each year. That volume very closely tracks the price. When gold rallies, more people sell their scrap, which is why recycling rose another 3% in 2025.

What a Year of Gold Production Actually Looks Like

Gold is dense enough that a tonne of it takes up remarkably little room. This is why the annual figure often sounds a lot larger than it looks.

Stack all 3,672 tonnes from 2025 into a single block and you get a cube roughly 5.75 meters on each side. That comes out to roughly 19 feet.

To give a more direct comparison, that is smaller than a two-car garage. And yet, that represents an entire year of global effort across thousands of mines.

Do the same with every ounce ever mined and the cube grows to about 22.6 meters per side. That is roughly 74 feet. All the gold in human history would still fit comfortably on a tennis court, with room to walk around it.

Why Sources Disagree on Annual Gold Production

This question produces all sorts of results online. That fact alone is somewhat surprising for a statistic that is so closely tracked. Here is what the top-ranking pages say right now.

Source	Annual production claimed	What it actually measures
https://www.gold.org/goldhub/research/gold-demand-trends/gold-demand-trends-full-year-2025/supply";>World Gold Council	3,672 tonnes (2025)	Mine production, current year
https://natural-resources.canada.ca/minerals-mining/mining-data-statistics-analysis/minerals-metals-facts/gold-facts";>Natural Resources Canada	3,300 tonnes (2024)	Mine production, earlier estimate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mining";>Wikipedia	4,000 to 5,000 tonnes	Unclear, likely total supply
Various dealer sites	2,500 to 3,000 tonnes	Old figures, never updated

Four things explain the spread, and once you know them the disagreement stops looking mysterious.

Reporting lag. Agencies publish early estimates and revise them upward as company filings arrive. A figure for last year can sit several hundred tonnes low for months before the final data lands.

Different scope. Some sources count only what comes out of the ground. Others fold in recycled metal worth another 1,400 tonnes. A few leave out artisanal and small-scale mining entirely, even though that sector produces a meaningful share of world output.

Unit confusion. Metric tonnes, short tons, and troy ounces all get loosely called "tons" in casual writing, and a metric tonne is about 10% heavier than a short ton. Careless conversion alone can swing a figure by hundreds of tonnes.

Stale content. Plenty of articles were written years ago and never revisited. A page quoting 2,500 tonnes is reporting data from before 2010 without telling you so.

The defensible answer today is straightforward: mine output is running near 3,700 tonnes a year, and total supply including recycling sits close to 5,000 tonnes.

Which Countries Mine the Most Gold

Every inhabited continent has gold mining operations. No single country comes close to controlling the market. The top five producers are the ones most people can name, but these actually matter a lot less than you might expect.

Rank	Country	2025 mine production
1	China	380 tonnes
2	Russia	310 tonnes
3	Australia	280 tonnes
4	Canada	200 tonnes
5	United States	160 tonnes

Those five countries together account for just 41% of world output. The remainder is spread across dozens of nations, including Ghana, Mexico, Peru, Indonesia, and Uzbekistan.

That decentralization is genuinely good news for buyers. Compare gold to platinum, where South Africa supplies most of the world. A single strike or policy change there can choke the market. Gold has no equivalent chokepoint, which is one reason its supply has never collapsed in a way that traps holders.

How Much Gold Is Mined in the United States Each Year?

The United States produced 160 tonnes in 2025. At the end of 2025, that gold hoard was worth approximately $22.32 billion. That output came from more than 40 lode mines across 12 states. That is in addition to placer operations in Alaska and the western states.

Two states do nearly all of the work. Nevada accounts for about 64% of domestic output and Alaska adds another 22%. Together, those two states alone amount to nearly 86% of the country’s entire mining output.

American production actually slipped from 163 tonnes in 2024, but the value of that output rose 32%. The gold price climbed far faster than volumes fell.

How Much Gold is Left to Mine

Roughly 222,600 tonnes of gold have been mined across all of human history, according to the https://www.gold.org/goldhub/data/how-much-gold";>World Gold Council. At current prices that stock is worth about $29 trillion, and two-thirds of it came out of the ground after 1950.

According to the USGS, there are still about 66,000 tonnes known to remain underground. Broader estimates run close to 132,000 tonnes.

The "15 Years of Gold Left" Myth

Divide 66,000 tonnes of reserves by 3,672 tonnes of annual production and you get 18 years. That is exactly the kind of math that produces those panicked headlines you’ll see about an upcoming gold extinction.

The math is right. The conclusion, however, is not.

A reserve is gold that can be extracted profitably under today’s prices and costs. In contrast, a resource is gold we know exists but cannot yet mine at a profit. The boundary between the two categories moves constantly.

When prices rise, deposits that were once too low-grade to touch become economic. They migrate from resource to reserve. That reclassification is why global reserve estimates have stayed roughly flat for decades, even as miners extracted thousands of tonnes each year. The pool keeps refilling from the category above it.

Is Peak Gold Real?

Peak gold is the argument that annual output has topped out and will decline from here. There is some real evidence behind that, even though the doomsday proclamations overstate the case.

The World Gold Council points to several genuine pressures on future supply. New deposits are harder to find than they were a generation ago. Ore grades keep declining, so miners move more rock for less metal. Permitting timelines stretch longer each decade and capital costs keep climbing. Several of the most prospective regions also carry serious political risk.

Most forecasts for 2026 call for output to fall back from the 2025 record. Whether that marks the start of a genuine decline or just an ordinary year remains unsettled. However, nobody credible expects mine supply to surge.

Why Annual Mine Supply Barely Moves the Gold Price

This is the part that matters most if you already own gold or are deciding what to buy.

Each year of mining adds only about 1.6% to the gold that already exists above ground, because virtually every ounce ever produced is still with us. It sits in vaults, jewelry boxes, and central bank reserves rather than being consumed the way oil or copper is consumed.

That durability gives gold a stock-to-flow ratio near 60. The existing pile is roughly 60 times larger than the amount added each year. For most commodities that ratio sits close to 1. That is because this year’s production essentially is the market.

The https://www.gold.org/goldhub/gold-focus/2026/03/you-asked-we-answered-are-we-running-out-gold";>World Gold Council's own modeling puts a figure on the relationship: every 25-tonne change in supply moves the gold price by roughly 1%. Even a 200-tonne production jump, which no analyst is forecasting, would pull the price down by single digits at most.

Demand does the heavy lifting instead. Central banks alone have purchased close to 1,000 tonnes a year in recent years. That absorbs about a quarter of all mine output before any other buyer gets a chance. Investment, jewelry, and technology demand then compete for what remains.

So when you watch the https://www.moneymetals.com/gold-price";>live gold price, you are watching a demand story. A https://www.moneymetals.com/gold-price-history";>long-term gold price chart shows the same thing: prices swing hard while the supply line barely moves.

What This Means If You Own or Buy Physical Gold

Mine supply is inelastic, which is the technical way of saying miners cannot ramp up quickly when demand spikes. A new mine typically takes 10 to 20 years to go from the time they get discovered until the first pour in a refinery. No amount of buying pressure conjures more metal in the short run.

When buyers rush in, two things give way instead. Premiums widen, sometimes sharply, because mints and refiners cannot keep pace with orders. No amount of buying pressure conjures more metal in the short run.

That pattern has repeated in every buying panic of the past 20 years. It reflects a bottleneck in minting and distribution, not a shortage in the ground.

The practical takeaway is about product selection rather than timing. Widely traded forms stay liquid and resell easily in any market:

https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/bars";>Gold bars carry the lowest premiums per ounce, and the https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/bars/1-oz-gold-bars";>1 oz size is the most common starting point.
https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/coins";>Gold coins such as the https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/american-gold-eagle";>American Gold Eagle are the easiest products to sell back to any dealer in the country.
https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/fractionals";>Fractional gold costs more per ounce but gives you flexibility to sell in smaller increments.

The same logic applies inside a https://www.moneymetals.com/programs/iras";>precious metals IRA. The metal is identical and only the account structure changes. If you are weighing physical metal against mining equities, our comparison of https://www.moneymetals.com/investment/physical-gold-vs-gold-stocks";>physical gold versus gold stocks covers how differently the two respond to production news.

Trying to trade the production data is a losing game regardless. The figures get published twice a year, they get revised afterward, and they move the price by 1%. Owning quality metal at a fair premium beats forecasting mine output.

Frequently Asked Questions

Known reserves total roughly 66,000 tonnes, with broader resources estimated near 132,000 tonnes. The remaining reserve base equals about 30% of everything mined so far. That figure has held steady for decades because rising prices keep converting resources into reserves.

China leads current production at 380 tonnes a year, but South Africa holds the all-time record. Its Witwatersrand Basin has yielded a large share of all the gold ever mined. South African output has declined sharply from its mid-century peak.

American mines produced 160 tonnes in 2025, worth about $22 billion at the time, with Nevada supplying roughly 64% of the total and Alaska another 22%.

About 222,600 tonnes sit above ground against roughly 66,000 tonnes of known reserves. That means we have extracted close to 77% of the gold we currently know how to reach profitably.

Just under one troy ounce, or about 27 grams apiece. Owning a single https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/gold/coins";>1 oz gold coin puts you slightly above the global average, and https://www.moneymetals.com/measurement/how-many-grams-in-1-oz-of-gold";>knowing how ounces convert to grams helps when comparing products.

Recycling supplied 1,404 tonnes in 2025, up 3% from the prior year. That amounts to about 28% of total supply. Recycled volumes rise when prices rise, and that responsiveness softens supply shocks mining alone could not absorb.

Hong Kong to Launch Yuan-Denominated Gold Futures Contract

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

Over the past week, officials have announced several measures, including a yuan-denominated gold futures contract, with the goal of further positioning Hong Kong as an international gold hub and raising the yuan's global status.

Earlier this summer, Hong Kong launched trial operations of a gold clearing and settlement system, putting the region in a position to challenge Western dominance of the global gold market.

The government-owned clearing system reportedly “mirrors” the financial infrastructure used by the LBMA in London.

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When unveiling the system, Hong Kong Precious Metals Central Clearing Company CEO John Lee Ka-chiue said the company will offer “a comprehensive suite of services ranging from gold deposits and withdrawals to transaction settlements in the over-the-counter market in Hong Kong,” adding that a new gold price ticker – HAU – would be introduced to “ensure that Hong Kong gold prices are fully accessible to global market participants.”

Now, there are more plans in the works.

On Wednesday, Sept. 24, Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing (HKEX) announced plans to launch a yuan-denominated gold futures contract early next year.

“We have recently reactivated our gold contract in the US dollar. But in the future, perhaps sometime early next year, we will be coming up with a yuan-denominated gold futures contract,” HKEX managing director Gregory Yu said.

According to the South China Morning Post, the move aims to advance two priorities outlined in the city’s five-year plan announced last week:

Promoting yuan internationalization
Developing Hong Kong’s gold market

Last week, Hong Kong Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury Christopher Hui Ching-yu presented the five-year plan for “Hong Kong’s financial development with a longer-term perspective and a broader vision and respond with flexibility and diversity.”

“Every measure I introduce revolves around one goal: to elevate Hong Kong from a ‘must-pass route’ for capital to a ‘must-choose destination’ for capital.”

Among the measures, Hui said the Chinese special administrative region would expand yuan settlement of payments for mainland Chinese services, such as buying water from the Dongjiang, in a bid to boost the globalization of the yuan.

This policy creates a mechanism for Hong Kong to spend renminbi receipts without converting them to Hong Kong dollars. Hui said the policy will help balance yuan received with yuan paid out and reduce exchange-rate matching problems.

More broadly, officials hope to make the yuan into a working payment currency in Hong Kong. Regular yuan payments will incentivize the region’s banks and suppliers to maintain yuan accounts, payment services, and liquidity.

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Hui also announced tax reforms, saying the government will slash the profits tax rate for qualifying commodity traders from 16.5 percent to 8.25 percent by 2027.

Meanwhile, Hong Kong’s Exchange Fund, used to defend the local currency, will increase its gold portfolio.

At a press conference last week, Hui noted that total metal storage within Hong Kong’s London Metal Exchange warehouse network had crossed 30,000 tonnes, underscoring the drive to advance commodity trading.

This represents storage of industrial metals, primarily copper and zinc.

Earlier this year, Hong Kong officials said they plan to increase local gold vaulting from 200 tonnes to 2,000 tonnes over the next three years.

Gold is flowing into Hong Kong.

According to the region’s Census and Statistics Department, 107 tonnes of gold entered Hong Kong in July, up from 72.16 tonnes in February.

Looking at the bigger picture, we discover a slow but steady migration of the gold trade from the West to the East.

In 2024, World Gold Council head of Asia-Pacific and global head of central banks Shaokai Fan noted this shift, saying the gold market's “center of gravity” has shifted to the East, as gold consumption by emerging market economies is rapidly rising, with the majority concentrated in Asia.

Meanwhile, Chinese gold investment has primarily driven the recent bull market. Gold coin and bar demand hit a 12-year high of 1,374.1 tonnes in 2025, with a record-breaking value of $154 billion. More than half of that global coin and bar demand came from two countries – China and India.

COMEX Silver Inventory - Registered vs Eligible Silver in CME Vaults - Daily Stocks Report, Delivery Notices, and Five-Year Vault Trends - Money Metals

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

COMEX vaults held about 330.1 million ounces of silver as of Friday, September 18, 2026. Of that, 97.3 million ounces were registered, or silver with a warrant, ready to deliver against futures contracts. The remaining 232.8 million ounces were eligible. These figures come from the https://www.cmegroup.com/delivery_reports/Silver_stocks.xls";>CME Group’s Daily Metal Stocks Report, cross-checked against https://metalcharts.org/comex/silver";>MetalCharts.

Many alarming headlines derive from these numbers. Some report that the vaults are draining. Others claim that COMEX cannot deliver its silver holdings.

This guide will help you sort fact from fiction. You will learn how to read these reports yourself so that you can verify these claims on your own.

There is something we should note before we begin. COMEX stock data tells you about the physical market, but it is not a price signal. We will stick to what the numbers can accurately measure.

COMEX Silver Inventory

Category	Silver Inventory
Registered Silver	97.3 million oz
Eligible Silver	232.8 million oz
Total COMEX Silver Inventory	330.1 million oz

Data as of September 18, 2026. Source: CME Group Daily Metal Stocks Report.

What Is COMEX Silver Inventory?

COMEX is the metals exchange owned by CME Group. The exchange lists silver futures, which are contracts to buy or sell silver at a set price on a given date. You can learn the basics in our guide to https://www.moneymetals.com/investment/what-is-the-comex";>what the COMEX is.

COMEX silver inventory is the metal held in vaults that the exchange has approved. In the industry, these vaults are called depositories. Crucially, CME Group does not store the silver itself. It entrusts the running of depositories to banks and private vault companies.

Every business day, each depository reports its silver holdings. CME then posts the totals in a single file. Every inventory chart and tracker is built on that daily report.

Not all silver bars qualify to be held in the COMEX silver inventory. A COMEX silver bar must weigh about 1,000 troy ounces and be at least .999 fine, according to https://www.cmegroup.com/rulebook/COMEX/1a/112.pdf";>CME’s silver futures rules. These are the same large bars sold as https://www.moneymetals.com/1000-oz-silver-bars/148";>COMEX-approved 1,000 oz silver bars.

Registered vs Eligible Silver: What Each Number Means

The report splits the silver in each vault into two groups. The difference between these two is one of the key things to know when you read headlines about COMEX.

Registered Silver

Registered silver has a warrant attached. A warrant is a document of title. Approved depositories issue it, and it proves who owns a certain set of bars, as the https://www.cmegroup.com/trading/metals/files/comex-gold-warrants-faq.pdf";>CME’s warrant FAQ explains.

Only registered silver can be handed over to settle a futures contract. That is the reason why traders watch it so closely. When people say the vaults are draining, they are almost always looking at the registered silver inventory.

Eligible Silver

Eligible silver meets all the criteria for COMEX holdings. It even sits in the same approved vaults as registered silver. The difference is that this silver does not have a warrant. It belongs to banks, funds, or other owners who simply store the silver in these places.

As https://coinweek.com/comex-silver-inventories-fall-below-100-million-ounces-as-physical-demand-tightens-global-market/";>CoinWeek puts it, eligible silver “remains outside the deliverable supply unless owners designate it for that purpose.”

That distinction is often left out of the headlines. An owner can move silver from eligible to registered with paperwork alone. The bars never leave the shelf, and the reverse is also true. That means that even if there is a drop in registered silver, it does not inherently mean that metal left the building.

Combined (Total) Stocks

Combined stocks are both registered and eligible. The total tells you how much silver COMEX holds. The split tells you how much of it is ready for delivery.

It is easy to be misled if you only monitor one of these numbers. The spring of 2026 provides an example. Between May 21 and June 1, combined stocks rose by about 4.8 million ounces, according to a https://www.kitco.com/opinion/2026-06-03/comex-silver-vault-just-grew-reason-matters-more-number";>Kitco analysis. Registered silver grew by nearly 3 million ounces in that same window.

The Kitco analysis emphasizes that the reason for a change matters more than the degree of change. New metal arriving is not the same thing as a label change on metal already there.

How to Read the CME Daily Silver Stocks Report

You don’t need a paid tracker to follow COMEX silver. The raw data is free. Go to the CME’s https://www.cmegroup.com/solutions/clearing/operations-and-deliveries/nymex-delivery-notices.html";>Delivery Notices and Stocks page and download the Silver file under Metals Stocks. It opens as a spreadsheet.

Here is how to read it, step by step.

Find the depository rows. Each vault gets its own block. Its name appears at the top of that block.
Read the registered and eligible lines. Each vault shows both groups on separate lines.
Check the columns left to right. You will see the prior day’s total, then silver received, silver withdrawn, net change, and adjustments. The last column is the new total.
Look at the “Adjustment” column. This is where transfers between registered and eligible often show up. A big move here with no withdrawal usually means a label change, not metal leaving.
Jump to the bottom. The final rows add up registered, eligible, and combined silver across all vaults. Those are the numbers trackers quote.

Common Mistakes

Most false alarms come from one of three errors:

Reading one vault as the whole market. One depository can lose a lot of silver while others gain it.
Treating a transfer as a withdrawal. Moving bars from registered to eligible cuts the registered total. But the silver is still in the vault.
Comparing numbers from different days. Always note the date on the file. A number with no date can’t be checked.

If you have ever wondered where to find silver inventory data, this file is the answer. Nearly every chart online starts here.

COMEX Silver Inventory Chart: Five Years of Vault Data

One day of data does not tell you much. The trend is the thing that matters. The chart below shows combined COMEX silver stocks, registered plus eligible, from September 2021 to September 2026.

Line chart of COMEX silver inventory from 2021 to 2026. Combined stocks rise to a peak near 532 million ounces in September 2025, then fall to about 319 million ounces by June 2026.

Source: CME Group data via https://datatrack.trendforce.com/Chart/content/1545/comex-inventory-silver";>TrendForce DataTrack. Registered figures from CoinWeek and Kitco.

2021 to 2024: A Slow Decline

Combined stocks started this period near 359 million ounces. They drifted lower for two years and hit about 266 million ounces in November 2023. Then they slowly rebuilt to about 319 million ounces by the start of 2025.

2025: A Surge, Then a Reversal

Early 2025 brought a rush of silver into New York. Fears of U.S. tariffs pulled metal into COMEX vaults, https://www.mining.com/web/london-bullion-vaults-see-historic-inflows-after-silver-squeeze/";>according to MINING.COM. Combined stocks passed 500 million ounces by the end of April. They peaked near 532 million ounces in late September.

Then the flow reversed. In October 2025, London ran short of silver. Prices there rose above New York prices, so traders shipped metal across the Atlantic. About 48 million ounces left COMEX vaults for London that month, per the same MINING.COM report. https://www.kitco.com/news/article/2025-10-23/london-faces-150-million-oz-silver-shortfall-amid-comex-drain-insider";>Kitco tracked the early stage of the move, with stocks falling from about 530 million to 501 million ounces.

2026: The Two Marked Points

February 11, 2026. Combined stocks had fallen to about 386 million ounces. Registered silver dropped to 98,138,005 ounces, per https://coinweek.com/comex-silver-inventories-fall-below-100-million-ounces-as-physical-demand-tightens-global-market/";>CoinWeek. That day alone, 3,256,882 ounces left the registered group. Silver in Shanghai traded roughly $10 above Western spot prices at the time.

June 1, 2026. Combined stocks hit about 318.7 million ounces, near the 2026 low. Registered silver stood at about 84.6 million ounces, according to https://www.kitco.com/opinion/2026-06-03/comex-silver-vault-just-grew-reason-matters-more-number";>Kitco.

September 2026. Both numbers have since recovered. Combined stocks reached about 330.1 million ounces by September 17. Registered silver rebuilt to about 97.3 million ounces. That is higher than 62.4 percent of all daily readings since 2020, according to https://metalcharts.org/comex/silver";>MetalCharts.

What the Chart Shows

Two different stories run through this data.

Combined stocks fell by about 40 percent from the September 2025 peak to June 2026. That is a real drop. Over 200 million ounces left COMEX vaults. Some of that metal moved to other markets, including about 48 million shipped to London in October 2025 alone. Silver leaving New York is not the same as silver vanishing.

Registered silver tells a calmer story. It fell from February to June, then came back to about where it started. It also grew as a share of the total, from about 25 percent in February to about 29 percent in September. In other words, a bigger slice of COMEX silver is now ready for delivery than at the start of the year.

This is why it pays to read both lines. A headline built on one number can point you the wrong way.

You can compare these swings with price moves on our https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>live silver price chart.

How COMEX Silver Inventory Changes During Delivery

Most futures traders never take delivery. Instead, traders close or roll their contracts before the delivery month. However, some hold onto the contract and ask for real metal. This is when registered silver enters the equation.

Contracts, First Notice Day, and “Stood for Delivery”

One COMEX silver contract equals 5,000 troy ounces, per https://www.cmegroup.com/rulebook/COMEX/1a/112.pdf";>CME Rule 112102. That is five bars of about 1,000 ounces each. Each bar may be up to 10 percent heavier or lighter.

First notice day is the first day a seller can tell the exchange it plans to deliver. Traders who still hold long contracts on that day may be asked to accept silver.

A contract has stood for delivery when the buyer keeps it open into the delivery window. The seller then hands over a warrant for registered bars.

Delivery moves a warrant. However, it does not always move the metal itself. After delivery, the new owner can leave the silver registered. They can also shift it to eligible, or withdraw it from the vault. Only a withdrawal lowers the combined total of COMEX’s silver holdings.

Worked Example: September 2026 First Notice Day

We’ll break down the essential math investors should know here.

On first notice day for the September 2026 contract, 1,077 contracts stood for delivery.

1,077 contracts × 5,000 ounces = 5,385,000 ounces
Registered silver was about 99.3 million ounces on September 1, per https://thevaultreport.com/metals/silver";>The Vault Report
5.385 million ÷ 99.3 million = about 5.4 percent

So, first notice day called for a little over 5 percent of the silver ready for delivery.

Notices keep coming as the month goes on, so the full-month total is larger. Through September 18, CME recorded 6,168 silver delivery notices in September, about 30.8 million ounces, according to CME's https://www.cmegroup.com/delivery_reports/MetalsIssuesAndStopsYTDReport.pdf";>year-to-date delivery report.

That is about a third of registered stock. Yet registered silver barely moved, slipping from about 99.3 million to 97.3 million ounces. Most of the delivered metal changed owners without leaving the vault.

To judge whether a delivery month has truly strained the supply, compare notices to registered stock. Monitor the withdrawal column in the days that follow.

Why “The Vaults Are Draining” Headlines Keep Coming Back

A quick search of the term “COMEX silver” on YouTube or Reddit often shows the same phrases over and over again.

“The vaults are draining.”

“COMEX can’t deliver.”

“Is COMEX lying about silver?”

These fears do have some basis in reality. It’s true that registered silver fell sharply in early 2026. However, three habits keep these headlines in the news even when the data changes.

Registered drops get reported without the eligible side. A shift from registered to eligible looks like a drain if you only read one line.
One vault gets quoted as the whole market. A large withdrawal at one depository can be offset by gains at another.
Delivery months get read as crises. Every contract month brings notices. Big numbers on first notice day are normal, not proof of failure.

Be wary of viral figures you see online. Sometimes posts go viral claiming that COMEX has lost an extraordinary amount of silver.

There is a simple fix to avoid false or exaggerated reporting. Before you share a number, find its date and its source. This tells you whether the report is recent and up-to-date. Then, open that day’s CME file and check it.

Does Low COMEX Inventory Mean a Silver Shortage?

Not on its own. COMEX is one pool of silver among several. London vaults hold large amounts, and the https://www.lbma.org.uk/prices-and-data/london-vault-data";>LBMA publishes monthly London vault data. Shanghai has its own exchange stocks. Silver funds hold metal too.

A drop at COMEX can mean silver simply moved to another market. It does not necessarily mean that silver vanished from the market. The price gap between Shanghai and New York in February 2026 is an example of metal being pulled toward the places where demand is strongest.

The bigger question of global supply and demand is covered in our guide, https://www.moneymetals.com/investment/is-there-a-silver-shortage";>Is There a Silver Shortage?

Frequently Asked Questions

As of September 18, 2026, COMEX vaults held about 330.1 million ounces of silver. About 97.3 million ounces were registered and 232.8 million ounces were eligible, based on https://www.cmegroup.com/delivery_reports/Silver_stocks.xls";>CME data reported by https://metalcharts.org/comex/silver";>MetalCharts.

Registered silver has a warrant and can be delivered against futures contracts. In contrast, eligible silver meets COMEX standards but has no warrant. It cannot be delivered until its owner registers it.

CME posts its Daily Metal Stocks Report each business day on its https://www.cmegroup.com/solutions/clearing/operations-and-deliveries/nymex-delivery-notices.html";>Delivery Notices and Stocks page. Each file shows the prior day’s changes by vault.

One standard COMEX silver futures contract equals 5,000 troy ounces, per https://www.cmegroup.com/rulebook/COMEX/1a/112.pdf";>CME Rule 112102. Delivery is made in five bars of about 1,000 ounces each.

Read the Numbers, Not the Headlines

COMEX silver inventory is not a secret or a mystery. The data is free to access. It updates every business day. Once you know the layout, it only takes a few minutes to read.

Registered silver shows what’s ready for delivery. Eligible silver shows what’s stored but not pledged. Combined stocks show the full picture.

Futures inventory is one part of the silver market. Owning physical metal is another. If you’d rather hold silver you can see, browse our https://www.moneymetals.com/buy/silver/bars";>silver bars or check today’s https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>silver price.

Treasury Announces Second Oversized Bond Buyback as It Tries to Put a Lid on Yields

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

The Treasury Department will buy back another $6 billion in long-term Treasuries today (Thursday, Sept. 24) as it continues efforts to tamp down rising yields.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent announced this second expanded buyback on Wednesday.

And once again, the markets shrugged.

The 30-year Treasury hit a session high of 5.38 percent, close to the 5.4 percent peak earlier this month, the highest since 2007. Thursday morning before the buyback, the 30-year yield had nudged upward to 5.42 percent.

https://www.moneymetals.com/uploads/content/30-year-treasury-sept-24-26.png"; width="600" height="304" class="mx-auto p-3" alt="" />

That's probably not the result Bessent was hoping for.

Thursday's operation will begin at 1:40 p.m.

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Last month, Bessent signaled that the Treasury would increase its bond market intervention. Initially, he said the plan was to “at least” double operations from $2 billion to $4 billion beginning in September. Yields initially fell but quickly recovered.

Last week, the Treasury executed the first buyback, https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/10/treasury-department-announces-even-bigger-bond-buyback-market-shrugs-005192";>purchasing $6 billion in long-dated Treasuries.

Yields fell - and then started climbing again within the hour.

In these operations, the Treasury Department buys older long-term bonds on the open market and retires them. In theory, the increased demand will raise prices and lower yields. This benefits the federal government by lowering interest rates on newly issued debt on the long end of the curve.

The Treasury funds these buybacks by selling shorter-term notes and bonds. In practice, the Treasury borrows money to buy debt from people who already lent it money so it can borrow more money from other people at a slightly lower interest rate.

This is imperative given that the federal government already https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/08/13/trump-administration-runs-largest-monthly-budget-deficit-in-five-years-005135";>shells out over $1 trillion annually in interest expense.

However, so far, the efforts haven’t produced the desired effect. The bond market continues to sell off despite the Treasury’s intervention.

Perhaps Thursday’s buyback will move the needle on yields, but it seems unlikely given the market’s response to the announcement.

In the big scheme of things, this isn’t a big operation. Six billion dollars is a drop in the bucket in a $32 trillion bond market.

But while the operation's extent isn’t materially significant, Bessent’s message is.

And what is that message?

Desperation.

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The Treasury Department is worried about the state of the bond market and its ability to continue funding the federal government's borrow-and-spend binge.

After Bessent announced the $6 billion buyback last week, Stanley Druckenmiller said the Treasury Secretary is setting his feet on a slippery slope. Now that he’s intervened, it may well require increasingly larger buybacks just to keep a lid on the market.

“Once markets believe Treasury is defending a price, every rise in yields becomes a test of official resolve, and the operations must grow to survive the tests. Governments defending prices against fundamentals always lose. The only variable is how much they spend before conceding.”

This messaging could backfire on Bessent. The markets might decide the Treasury Department’s desperate swing at yields is a signal to get out of an unraveling bond market.

Time will tell.

Chinese Gold Imports Hit Highest Level in Nearly a Decade

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

So far this year, Chinese gold imports are at the highest level since at least 2017.

China ranks as the world’s largest gold market.

Through the first eight months of 2026, China spent $158.8 billion to import more than 1,100 tonnes of gold, according to China’s General Administration of Customs.

That’s already far above the total imported in 2025.

https://www.moneymetals.com/uploads/content/china-gold-imports-aug-26.png"; width="500" height="368" class="mx-auto p-3" alt="" />

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Chinese customs data date back to 2017.

Jinrui Futures Co. analyst Zijie Wu said strong investment demand has kept the gold price at a slight premium in China, incentivizing imports.

"The yuan has remained strong since the beginning of this year, creating favorable conditions for gold imports and enabling regulators to grant more generous approval quotas."

Imports also got a boost in June when the government instituted https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/06/30/chinese-officials-float-plan-to-streamline-gold-importexport-rules-005023";>a new import licensing regime that encouraged banks to use up existing import quotas.

Saxo Bank head of commodity strategies Ole Hansen said Chinese investors are accumulating gold as an alternative to traditional investments in property and stocks, noting that the opportunity cost for holding gold is lower in China than in the West.

"While investors in the rest of the world are facing some headwinds from rising interest rates and surging bond yields, the opposite is the case in China where short- and long-term yields are significantly lower, reducing the opportunity cost of holding bullion."

Notably, China’s U.S. Treasury holdings fell to $618 billion in July. That was the lowest level since August 2008.

However, there are signs physical demand may be cooling.

Gold withdrawals from the Shanghai Gold Exchange (SGE) fell 22 percent month-on-month in August to 62 tonnes. According to the World Gold Council, this reflects “cooling momentum in bullion investment and still tepid gold jewelry demand overall.”

On the other hand, gold ETF investment surged last month, with Chinese ETFs accumulating 11 additional tonnes of gold in August.

ETFs are a convenient way for investors to play the gold market, but https://youtu.be/7aP6VbgXVeM?si=O3yPeFkTYFHOXrHe"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">owning ETF shares is not the same as holding physical gold.

World Gold Council analysts say Chinese gold investment will likely hinge on the price trend as we move into the final months of 2026. However, “Falling yields and equity market uncertainties may provide support.”

“Meanwhile, gold jewelry demand is likely to receive a seasonal boost as, historically, retailers ramp up their restocking ahead of the peak season in Q4.”

Gold Mountain Asset Management managing director Lisa Liu https://www.ft.com/content/ed38995e-c7be-4703-9775-eb384a037ce3"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">told the Financial Times that despite the recent cooling in Chinese demand, she remains bullish long-term, saying the rotation into gold “is not a short-term trade.”

"It’s a multiyear repositioning of household and official assets. The scale and persistence of Chinese buying is now a core driver of global gold prices, and we expect it to hold as long as uncertainty over growth and geopolitics remains.”

A ramp-up in official Chinese central bank buying has also boosted the broader Chinese gold market.

The People’s Bank of China official added another 20.2 tonnes of gold to its reserves in August. It was the 23rd straight month of reported gold buying, raising official Chinese reserves to 2,386 tonnes.

So far in 2026, the Chinese central bank has increased its official gold holdings by around 80 tonnes.

Keep in mind that China is among the central banks likely to hold significantly more gold than they publicly disclose. As Jan Nieuwenhuijs has reported, the People's Bank of China is secretly buying large amounts of gold off the books. According to https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2025/04/02/chinas-gold-reserves-going-through-the-roof-003956";>data parsed by the renowned Money Metals researcher, the Chinese central bank currently sits on more than 5,000 tonnes of monetary gold – more than TWICE the publicly admitted amount.

The mainstream has picked up on this. In a note published earlier this month, Goldman Sachs estimated the PBoC bought 35 tonnes of gold in July. It officially reported a 20-tonne increase in its gold reserves.

Merk: Don't Give Up Your Gold!

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

With bond yields on the rise and markets penciling in another Federal Reserve interest rate hike this year, a lot of people are https://www.moneymetals.com/sell-to-us";>selling their gold.

Axel Merk doesn’t think you should.

Merk is the https://share.google/B8lBc1CmEaUSL2sCn"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">founder of Merk Investments, and he has a reputation as an even-handed analyst, not prone to getting caught up in the latest headline. In a recent interview with Kitco News, Merk said he thinks Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh is doing a good job of “restoring discipline” and pulling away from politics at the central bank. He also praised Warsh for hiking rates at the September meeting.

“It was time to raise rates; he raised the rates.”

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But Merk insisted that “good” monetary policy only goes so far when governments show no fiscal restraint.

“If you have bad fiscal policy, good monetary policy can only do so much. With bad monetary policy combined with bad fiscal policy, you can make things dramatically worse.”

There is certainly a lack of fiscal restraint.

The U.S. government has managed to pile up more than https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/08/20/the-40-trillion-national-debt-in-perspective-005151";>$40 trillion in debt. While this eye-popping number should raise red flags, https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/15/while-everybody-obsesses-about-rate-hikes-federal-spending-marches-along-unabatted-005205";>the borrowing and spending continue unabated.

With one month remaining in fiscal 2026, the Trump administration has spent $6.81 trillion, 2.2 percent more than in the same period in 2025.

A 2.2 percent increase in spending might not sound significant. But weren't we told there would be spending cuts?

And Uncle Sam isn’t the only one with a spending problem. Government debt in the eurozone has ballooned to over €14 trillion (USD $16 trillion).

Merk said, “At the end of the day, fiscal policy is gonna drive things.”

And that means you shouldn’t sell your gold just because you see interest rates climbing.

Merk said higher interest rates could theoretically impose more discipline on lawmakers, but he is skeptical that elevated bond yields alone will force Washington to address government spending.

Merk is right.

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Politicians aren't incentivized to deal with long-term problems like spending, especially if doing so will cause their constituents’ pain. Keep in mind that a politician's number one goal is getting reelected. You don’t do that by making life harder on voters. But any meaningful steps to rein in spending will cause short-term pain. Programs will need to be cut. It’s easier for a politician to kick the can down the road and let somebody else deal with the debt fallout.

Given the political incentives, more spending in the future is far more likely than less.

So, even with what he considers solid monetary policy and a necessary pivot to higher rates to tamp down inflation, Merk said he is still bullish on gold, saying, “I do like my gold even with a Kevin Warsh Fed.”

“We got a fiscal mess. How do you diversify? And gold may well play a role in that.”

Merk also said a potential AI bust could also prove bullish for the yellow metal, noting that debt is the primary driver behind the artificial intelligence investment boom. If the bubble bursts and the economy goes into a tailspin, the Fed will be forced to reverse its tightening cycle.

“When you have a debt-financed boom that’s followed by a bust, in order to mitigate the fallout from the debt that’s left over, you tend to have lower interest rates.”

I'm not nearly as sanguine about the Warsh Fed as Merk, but even if you think the central bank is on the right track and will stay true to its inflation-fighting cause, https://youtu.be/4CiNHA7LrEI?si=KYb41FRaexpCeqWL"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">now is not the time to sell your gold and silver!

COMEX Silver Withdrawals Raise Questions as Physical Demand Builds

Thu, 24 Sep 2026 00:00:00 EST

A bank run is a familiar danger in a fractional-reserve banking system. In December 1930, as the Great Depression deepened, the privately owned Bank of United States in New York collapsed after a run by depositors. Despite its name, it was not a government institution. It served many immigrant families and small businesses.

When rescue-merger negotiations failed and confidence evaporated, depositors rushed to withdraw their money. New York state banking authorities closed the bank on Dec. 11, 1930, leaving more than 400,000 depositors affected. By deposit size, it was the largest U.S. bank failure to that point.

The problem was inherent to fractional-reserve banking. Banks keep only a portion of deposits in reserve while lending and investing the rest. The system functions until too many people want their money back at the same time.

Money Metals Midweek Memo host https://share.google/R3W1cRSQAbKnO5byc"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mike Maharrey said the silver futures market carries a somewhat similar risk. Futures contracts promise delivery of silver at a specified price and date, but most traders settle or roll their contracts rather than take physical metal. As a result, paper claims far exceed the amount of metal immediately available for delivery.

The exact paper-to-silver ratio is unclear. Maharrey said estimates of 100-to-1 or even 250-to-1 circulate, but he could not find verifiable data supporting them. What can be measured is the amount of registered silver in COMEX vaults relative to paper claims.

As of mid-September, there were slightly more than five paper ounces of silver for every ounce of registered physical silver, a roughly 5-to-1 ratio.

If a large enough share of contract holders demanded their metal, the system could face significant delivery stress.

https://www.youtube.com/embed/bNpQaOvdIUA?si=F9yLyhKDs_qF8jo_"; title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" referrerpolicy="strict-origin-when-cross-origin" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen">

More Than 7 Million Ounces Leave COMEX Vaults

https://play.libsyn.com/embed/episode/id/43006183/height/192/theme/modern/size/large/thumbnail/yes/custom-color/1e40af/time-start/00:00:00/playlist-height/200/direction/backward/font-color/FFFFFF"; scrolling="no" allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" oallowfullscreen="true" msallowfullscreen="true">

That possibility is worth watching after a notable recent increase in physical silver withdrawals from COMEX vaults.

CME data showed 6,168 September silver delivery notices through Sept. 18, https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/21/7-million-ounces-of-silver-left-comex-vaults-last-week-with-a-spike-in-deliveries-005220";>representing 30.84 million ounces. In futures-market terminology, however, “delivery” does not necessarily mean silver physically leaves a warehouse. Usually, delivery means the transfer of a warehouse warrant to a new owner.

The more notable figure was the amount of metal that actually departed the COMEX system. About 7.1 million ounces, or roughly 223 metric tons, left COMEX vaults in the seven days from Sept. 10 through Sept. 17. That represented about 2.1% of total COMEX silver inventory.

Registered silver, meaning metal with an active warrant and available for immediate futures delivery, increased by 1.4 million ounces to 97.3 million ounces during that period. Eligible silver, which meets COMEX standards but lacks an active delivery warrant, fell by about 8.6 million ounces to 232.8 million ounces.

Total inventory consequently dropped from 337.2 million ounces to 330.1 million ounces. The difference shows that approximately 7.1 million ounces physically left COMEX warehouses.

CME reports do not establish whether the withdrawn metal was the same silver associated with September delivery notices. They only show that the metal is no longer in the vault system.

The outflow was roughly 25% larger than the 5.75 million-ounce drawdown between Oct. 3 and Oct. 9, 2025, at the beginning of the October silver squeeze. It was about half the 13.96 million-ounce drawdown recorded between Oct. 9 and Oct. 16, when that squeeze peaked.

Unlike the October episode, though, registered inventories increased last week rather than falling. The earlier squeeze drained nearly 14.2 million ounces from the registered category. The latest data therefore signals strong physical withdrawals, but not the same immediate pressure on deliverable COMEX supplies.

A Tight Physical Market Remains the Bigger Story

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One week of outflows does not prove an imminent silver shortage. Metal could flow back into COMEX vaults next week. But sustained withdrawals could become significant quickly and potentially set the stage for another squeeze.

The silver market has already experienced two meaningful squeezes during the past 12 months. The October squeeze pushed https://www.moneymetals.com/silver-price";>silver above $50 an ounce, while a second squeeze sent prices to $120 an ounce in January before a correction. The market was eased in part by shifting metal between London and New York, but Maharrey argued that the underlying supply-and-demand problem has not disappeared.

Silver is on track for its sixth straight annual supply deficit, meaning demand is exceeding newly mined and recycled supply. By the end of this year, the cumulative deficit is expected to approach 800 million ounces, roughly equivalent to one year of global mine production.

Industrial users, jewelry makers, and other consumers must meet shortfalls by drawing on above-ground stockpiles. Before the recent string of deficits, above-ground stocks rose by 243 million ounces from 2010 through 2020. Maharrey said the market has seen a net stock rundown of about 473 million ounces during the last 15 years.

The world is not about to run out of silver, but tighter physical availability creates upward pressure on prices. A continuing pattern of COMEX vault withdrawals could be one factor that lights the fuse for another squeeze.

Rising Rates Do Not Automatically Mean Lower Gold

Maharrey also pushed back against the conventional view that rising interest rates are necessarily https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/18/higher-rates-are-bad-for-gold-and-silver-or-are-they-005215";>bearish for gold and silver. With the 10-year Treasury yield near 5%, its highest range since 2007, some investors have sold precious metals on the expectation that the Federal Reserve will keep tightening.

Higher yields can create an opportunity cost for non-yielding assets such as gold and silver. But the more important measure is the real interest rate: the nominal yield adjusted for price inflation.

A 10-year Treasury yielding 5% while CPI runs at 3.5% has a real yield of just 1.5%. If a bond yields 3% while CPI runs at 5%, the real yield is negative 2%, meaning an investor loses purchasing power in real terms.

Maharrey cited financial writer and Fed watcher Adam Sharp, who pointed to the 1970s as an example. Gold rose nearly 2,329% during that decade even as interest rates climbed. In 1974, three-month Treasury bills yielded 7.4%, but CPI inflation peaked at 12%, producing a real rate near negative 4.6%.

From August 1976 through January 1980, gold rose more than sevenfold while interest rates were climbing toward nearly 20% under Paul Volcker’s inflation fight. Gold also advanced through much of the 2000s bull market as rates both rose and fell.

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The lesson is that rate direction alone does not determine gold’s path. When central banks raise rates because inflation is problematic, inflation itself can support demand for hard assets. Maharrey said money-supply growth of roughly 5% annually points to continuing monetary inflation that will eventually appear in consumer and asset prices.

The Fed’s Debt Trap

Sharp and Maharrey agree that the Fed faces a fundamental Catch-22. It needs https://www.moneymetals.com/news/2026/09/21/the-federal-reserve-is-shadow-boxing-inflation-005221";>higher rates to restrain inflation, but higher rates worsen the government’s debt burden, increase deficits, and threaten an already fragile economy.

Sharp argued that the Fed cannot raise rates to the 10% or higher levels that might be needed to decisively defeat inflation without severely damaging a debt-bloated economy. Maharrey said today’s debt load makes it impossible for Fed Chair Kevin Warsh to operate as another Paul Volcker.

His central takeaway was that inflation remains built into the system. Even the Fed’s stated 2% CPI target means a dollar loses purchasing power every year, amounting to roughly 10% over five years and 20% over 10 years before compounding.

For that reason, Maharrey argued that investors should not sell gold or silver simply because the Fed may hike rates again. He encouraged listeners to consider sound money as a long-term way to protect purchasing power.

For more market news, visit http://moneymetals.com/news";>MoneyMetals.com/news. This week’s Friday Market Wrap will feature economist and gold advocate https://share.google/JGGw5OLl80HoUMS4i"; target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nomi Prins.

Precious Metals News & Analysis - Gold News, Silver News from Money Metals Exchange

A rough week for metals—and a bigger story beneath it...

Silver Dollar Value - Silver Content and Melt Value of Every U.S. Dollar Coin - Morgan, Peace, Trade, Eisenhower, and Silver Eagle Types - Money Metals

What Counts as a Silver Dollar … and What Doesn't

The Three Eras of the U.S. Dollar Coin

Every U.S. Dollar Coin, By Composition

The Dollar Coins That Contain No Silver at All

How to Tell in Ten Seconds Whether Your Dollar Contains Silver

Step One: Read the Date

Step Two: The Eisenhower Exception Most Guides Get Wrong

Step Three: Weight, Diameter, and Edge

The Classic 90 Percent Silver Dollars, 1794–1935

Flowing Hair and Draped Bust, 1794–1804

Gobrecht Dollar, 1836–1839

Seated Liberty, 1840–1873

Trade Dollar, 1873–1885: The Heavy One

Morgan Dollar, 1878–1904 and 1921

Peace Dollar, 1921–1935

How Much Is a Silver Dollar Worth?

Why So Few Old Silver Dollars Survive: The Pittman Act

Modern Dollar Coins: Eisenhower, Anthony, Sacagawea, and the Silver Eagle

Eisenhower Dollar, 1971–1978

Susan B. Anthony, Sacagawea, Presidential, and American Innovation

American Silver Eagle, 1986–present

Silver Dollars Versus Other Ways to Buy Silver

What You Actually Pay Per Ounce

When a Silver Dollar is the Right Buy Anyway

Which Silver Dollars Can Go in an IRA

Face Value Versus Silver Value: What a Dollar Was Supposed to Be

Buying, Handling, and Storing Silver Dollars

Culls versus graded coins

Never clean a silver dollar

Handling and storage

The Short Version

Try That With Paper Money! 2,000-Year-Old Roman Coins Stand the Test of Time

How Much Gold Is Mined Each Year - Record 3,672 Tonnes of Global Gold Production in 2025 - Top Producing Countries, Reserves Left to Mine, and Why Sources Disagree - Money Metals

How Much Gold Is Mined Each Year, In Tonnes and Ounces

What a Year of Gold Production Actually Looks Like

Why Sources Disagree on Annual Gold Production

Which Countries Mine the Most Gold

How Much Gold Is Mined in the United States Each Year?

How Much Gold is Left to Mine

The "15 Years of Gold Left" Myth

Is Peak Gold Real?

Why Annual Mine Supply Barely Moves the Gold Price

What This Means If You Own or Buy Physical Gold

Frequently Asked Questions

How much unmined gold is left in the world? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

What country has mined the most gold? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How much gold is mined each year in the USA? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How much of the world's gold has already been mined? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How much gold is that per person on Earth? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How much gold is recycled each year? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

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COMEX Silver Inventory - Registered vs Eligible Silver in CME Vaults - Daily Stocks Report, Delivery Notices, and Five-Year Vault Trends - Money Metals

What Is COMEX Silver Inventory?

Registered vs Eligible Silver: What Each Number Means

Registered Silver

Eligible Silver

Combined (Total) Stocks

How to Read the CME Daily Silver Stocks Report

Common Mistakes

COMEX Silver Inventory Chart: Five Years of Vault Data

2021 to 2024: A Slow Decline

2025: A Surge, Then a Reversal

2026: The Two Marked Points

What the Chart Shows

How COMEX Silver Inventory Changes During Delivery

Contracts, First Notice Day, and “Stood for Delivery”

Worked Example: September 2026 First Notice Day

Why “The Vaults Are Draining” Headlines Keep Coming Back

Does Low COMEX Inventory Mean a Silver Shortage?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the current COMEX silver inventory? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

What is the difference between registered and eligible silver? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How often does CME update silver inventory data? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

How much silver is in one COMEX contract? http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"; viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" class="size-5 shrink-0 transition" aria-hidden="true" x-bind:class="isExpanded ? 'rotate-180' : ''">

Read the Numbers, Not the Headlines

Treasury Announces Second Oversized Bond Buyback as It Tries to Put a Lid on Yields

Chinese Gold Imports Hit Highest Level in Nearly a Decade